Chemistry 112 Sections 46

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Chemistry 112Sections 4-6

• Bill Vining
• 232 PSCI
• 436-2698
• viningwj_at_oneonta.edu

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You should have had

• General Chemistry I
• Up through drawing Lewis Structures

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General Chemistry I

• Basics of Atomic Structure
• Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Stoichiometry
• Solution Chemistry, mainly in water
• Thermochemistry
• Electronic Structure of Atoms
• Properties of Atoms
• Ionic Bonding
• Covalent Bonding of p-Block Elements

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General Chemistry II

• Molecular Structure
• Bonding Theories
• Valence Bond Theory
• Molecular Orbital Theory
• Properties of Gases
• Control of Chemical Reactions and Stability
• Thermodynamics
• Kinetics

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General Chemistry II

• Special Types of Chemical Systems
• Organic
• Equilibrium
• Acid-Base
• Dissolution
• Complexation
• Electrochemical

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Business
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Class Rules

• Syllabus
• Class Rules
• Be here every day
• Be on time
• Pick up handouts if late
• No chatting, except when I say so
• You are responsible
• Be nice
• Trust me

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Business I

• Class meetings
• Lecture MWF here
• Lab once a week in Physical Sciences Bldg.
• Recitation once a week in Physical Sci. Bldg.
• NO LABS or RECITATIONS this week- they start
  Monday
• Class Rules- Syllabus (go over on Friday)

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Business II
Classroom Rules

• Be here every single day
• Be here on time
• Dont sit in back
• Dont talk when Im talking
• Dont let me talk when youre talking
• Its ok to get up and wander

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Business III
Grades

• 3 Hour Exams
• OWL Homework
• Labs

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Business IV
Recite After Me

• If I fail the lab,

I fail the course.
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Mastery Learning Schematic
Homework Question
Answer
Newly generated question
Correct Answer and Feedback
incorrect
correct
Mastery Credit
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Mastery Learning Schematic
Concept Simulation
Homework Question
Guided Tutorial
Answer
Newly generated question
Correct Answer and Feedback
incorrect
correct
Mastery Credit
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Tutorial Help
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Tutorial Help
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Concept Simulations
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Assignment Scheme I A course has Assignments
Course
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Assignment 3
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Assignment Scheme II Assignments have Units
Course
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Assignment 3
Unit 1
Unit 1
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 2
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Assignment Scheme III Units have Questions
Course
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
Assignment 3
Unit 1
Unit 1
Unit 1
Question 1 Question 2
Question 1 Question 2
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question
4 Question 5
Unit 2
Unit 2
Question 1 Question 2
Question 1
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Bonding

• When atoms stick together, thats bonding.
• Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent

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Bonding

• When atoms stick together, thats bonding.
• Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent
• Ionic Polar Covalent
  Covalent

Electrons Shared More Equally
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Bonding

• When atoms stick together, thats bonding.
• Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent
• Ionic Polar Covalent
  Covalent

metalsnonmetals different nonmetals
similar nonmetals
Electrons Shared More Equally
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Why do Covalent Bonds Happen?
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Why do Covalent Bonds Happen?
Electrons on one atom attracted to nucleus of
other atom
Nucleus on each atom repels other
nucleus Electron on each atom repels other
electron
If new attractions gt new repulsions, then a bond
forms
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How Covalent Bonds Happen

• Valence electrons are shared through overlapping
  orbitals

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Covalent Bonding in p-Block Elements Where are
the Valence Electrons?
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Covalent Bonding in p-Block Elements Where are
the Valence Electrons?

• Described by Lewis Electron Dot Structures

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Determining Molecular Geometry

• All depends on bond angles

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Determining Molecular Geometry

• All depends on bond angles

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Determining Molecular Geometry

• Valence Lewis Electron-Pair
  Molecular
• Electrons Structure Geometry Geometry

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Electron-Pair Geometries

• Depend on Number of Electron Pairs around Central
  Atom

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Help Needed

• Today
• Lunch 12-1250
• Lecture 330 415
• Tomorrow
• Lunch 12-1250
• Lecture 330 415

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Examples

• NH3 CH4 CH2O

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• Linear
• Bent 109o
• Trigonal planar
• Trigonal pyramidal
• Tetrahedral
• Trigonal bipyramidal
• See-saw
• Square pyramidal
• Octahedral

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Molecular Polarity

• Are electrons in molecules evenly distributed?
• If so nonpolar molecule
• If not polar molecule

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Determining Bond Polarity

• Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms

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Determining Bond Polarity

• Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms

H-F is Li-F is N-O is O-O is P-H is
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Determining Molecular Polarity

• Add up all bond polarities and see if they cancel

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Polarity Examples