Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell

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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
May be classified by shape

• Bacillus
• Vibrio
• Coccus
• Spirochete
• Pleomorphic

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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
The glycocalyx
Capsule or slime layer?
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
The cell wall
Gram positive or Gram negative?
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
The plasma membrane
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
The plasma membrane diffusion and osmosis
Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis
(Hypotonic, Hypertonic, Isotonic) Active
transport Group translocation (unique to
prokaryotes)
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Flagella and other external structures

• Outside cell wall
• Made of chains of flagellin
• Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal
  body
• Works by ROTATION
• Powered by proton gradient

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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Flagella and other external structures
Pili and fimbriae
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Cytoplasm
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
The nucleoid DNA plasmids
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Ribosomes
30S
70S
50S
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Inclusions

• Phosphate reserves Diphtheria
• Energy reserves
• Energy reserves
• Energy reserves/waste
• Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2
  fixation
• Protein covered cylinders
• Iron oxide crystals Direction (destroy H2O2)

• Metachromatic granules (volutin)
• Polysaccharide granules
• Lipid inclusions
• Sulfur granules
• Carboxysomes
• Gas vacuoles
• Magnetosomes

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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Inclusions
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Formation of the Endospore

• Resting cells
• Resist desiccation, heat, chemicals
• Bacillus, Clostridium
• Sporulation Endospore formation
• Germination Return to vegetative state

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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Formation of the Endospore
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Formation of the Endospore
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Formation of the Endospore
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Formation of the Endospore
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Formation of the Endospore
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Formation of the Endospore
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Your Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Inside the cell
Formation of the Endospore
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Compare Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different?

• Paired chromosomes, enclosed by a nuclear
  membrane
• Histones organize DNA
• Membrane bound organelles
• Polysaccharide cell walls when present
• Cell division involves a mitotic spindle

• One circular chromosome, not enclosed by a
  membrane
• No histones
• No organelles
• Peptidoglycan cell walls
• Cell division is by binary fission

Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different?
The glycocalyx
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different?
The cell wall
(not present in animal cells)
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different?
Specialized intake
Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis
Active transport Endocytosis Phagocytosis
Pseudopods extend and engulf particles Pinocytosis
Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid and
dissolved substances
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different?
Flagella and other external structures

• Microtubules Tubulin
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Arrangement (9 pairs 2)
• Powered by ATP
• Microtubules contractions

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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different?
Flagella and other external structures
Cilia
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different inside the cell?
Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different inside the cell?
Ribosomes free and bound
40S
80S
60S
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different inside the cell?
Golgi Apparatus
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different inside the cell?
Lysosomes and Vacuoles
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Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Whats different inside the cell?
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and the Theory of
Endosymbiosis