Lecture 10: Bacterial Adaptation

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Lecture 10 Bacterial Adaptation
Reading assignments in Text Lengeler et al.
1999 Text pages 469-483 Rapid Enzyme
control pages 123-126 ATP / NAD(P)H
regulation Lecture 9 Text pages 674-676
Bacterial diversity pages 700-704 Phylogenetic
trees pages 704-716 Early life/ evolution pages
723-728 Food in the real world pages 746-750
Biofilms pages 754-761 Cooperation and
methanogens pages 763-774 Bugs in water pages
775-778 Bugs in sediments pages 779-784 Bugs in
soil pages 784-792 Bugs in extreme
environments pages 879-882 Bugs in food
products pages 907-908 Bio-treatment
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Lecture Overview
Bacterial populations (lab conditions)
Bacteria as single cells (cell cycles)
Differentiation
Symbiosis
Sporulation
Bacterial Diversity
Adaptation Mechanisms
Rapid
Change enzyme activities
Slower
Make new enzymes
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Rapid adaptation responses/ Demand feeding
Cell growth
Cell proteins
M9
14-C glycerol
E. coli
14-C 20 amino acids
Cold Histidine
Cold Histidine
Biosyn.
Allows demand feeding of Biosynthesis
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Feedback systems
Trp
Rapid growth
Slow, stop growth ?
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Global ATP and NADPH allosteric controls
Stops growth, ATP stays high
E. coli O2, rapid growth, ATP high
ATP (1/2)ADP
ATP (P) Energy Charge EC
Theoretical EC 0-1.0
Physiological EC 0.87-0.95, lt0.5
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Rapid and massive use of ATP
10 msec
LB
M9
Growing 1.0 gram of E. coli
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Allosteric maintainance of reduction power
NADH
Low 0.03 - 0.07
Catabolic Reduction Charge, CRC
NADH NAD
NADPH
High 0.3 - 0.7
Anabolic Reduction Charge, ARC
NADPH NADP
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Covalent modifications of bacterial proteins
AT Adenyl Trans
GS Glutamine Synthase
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Glutamine Synthase (GS) protein
High Enzyme activity
Low Enzyme activity
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Adaptation to high and low ammonium
Low use
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Sensing N and switching GS
The players
GS
AT
UT
Uridyl Transferase
P
Kinase HisP
NRII
NRI
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Sensing N and switching GS
Low NH3
Sensor ?
UT
Gln / aKeto
High activity No FB inhibition
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