Introduction to Nutrients

1
Introduction to Nutrients

• A nutrient is any chemical (element or compound)
  in the diet that supports normal reproduction,

2
Nutrient Classification

• Essential Nutrient
• - Cannot be manufactured by the body
• or
• not synthesized in substantial
• -

3
Nutrient Classification

• Non-Essential Nutrient
• -
• - Not critical in the diet

4
Essential Nutrient

• Water (H20)
• 3. Fat
• 4. Protein
• 6. Vitamins

5
Water

• Cheapest and most abundant nutrient found on
  earth
• 90-95 of blood

6
Water (just a note)

• It is estimated that it takes 1,368 gallons of
  water to produce 1 lb of body weight gain in
  cattle fed alfalfa.
• 114 gallons of H20 to produce 1 lb of Alfalfa
• X 12 lbs of alfalfa to produce 1 lb of body
  weight gain
• 1,368 gallons for 1 lb body weight gain

7
Functions of Water

• A. Transportation medium
• 1. Blood
• 2.
• 3. Interstitial fluid- between cells
• 4.

8
Functions of Water

• Temperature regulator
• 1. High specific heat- traps heat
• 2.

9
Functions of Water

• Lubricant
• 1.
• 2. Muscles- glide past one another
• 3.
• 4. Eyes

10
Functions of Water

• Cell turgidity and shape
• 1. Water needed for every cell
• 2.
• 3. Moves in and out of cell due to

11
Functions of Water

• Hydrolysis
• 1.
• 2. Most chemical reactions require
• water

12
Factors Affecting Water Consumption

• 1. Environment- Temp Humidity
• 2.
• 3. Dietary factors
• 4. Animal function
• 5.

13
Water

• Approximate water consumption for mature
  nonstressed animals
• -Swine-
• -Sheep- 1 - 4 gal/hd/day
• -Cattle-
• -Horses- 10 - 14 gal/hd/day
• -Poultry- 2 parts water for each 1 part
• dry feed

14
Water Sources

• Free liquid
• Water in feed
• silage-
• corn- 10-12 water
• Metabolic water
• water produced by oxidation of nutrients
• -

15
Water Losses

• Urine
• Vaporization from lungs and dissipation through
  skin

16
Dehydration

• Acute due to no water intake
• Chronic (gradual) may result from
• -scours
• -
• -lack of clean drinking water

17
Water Absorption

• Water is readily absorbed from most sections of
  the GIT