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Women in Sport

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4 - ASSERTION AND AGGRESSION ASSERTIVE PLAY. 5 - CAUSES OF AGGRESSION ... reduce media sensationalism. coach education programme. Aggression. AQA A2 Physical Education ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Women in Sport


1
(No Transcript)
2
INDEX
3 - AGGRESSION IN SPORT HOSTILE / INSTRUMENTAL
AGGRESSION 4 - ASSERTION AND AGGRESSION ASSERT
IVE PLAY 5 - CAUSES OF AGGRESSION UNDERDEVELOPED
MORAL REASONING / BRACKETED MORALITY / SPECIFIC
CAUSES 6 - CAUSES OF AGGRESSION
PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL 7 - THEORIES OF
AGGRESSION INSTINCT THEORY / FRUSTRATION
AGGRESSION THEORY 8 - THEORIES OF
AGGRESSION SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY / AGGRESSIVE
CUE HYPOTHESIS 9 - RESPONSIBILITY FOR
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR 10 - PREVENTION OF
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR GOVERNING BODY 11 -
PREVENTION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR COACHES /
PLAYERS
3
AGGRESSION IN SPORT
Aggression
  • HOSTILE AGGRESSION
  • intent to harm
  • goal is to harm
  • arousal and anger involved
  • INSTRUMENTAL AGGRESSION
  • intent to harm
  • goal to win
  • used as a tactic dirty play
  • no anger
  • illegal in all sports except boxing

4
ASSERTION AND AGGRESSION
Aggression
  • ASSERTIVE PLAY
  • has
  • no intent to harm
  • legitimate force within the rules
  • unusual effort
  • unusual energy
  • sometimes called channelled aggression

5
CAUSES OF AGGRESSION
Aggression
  • PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL
  • anger towards another person
  • causing an increase in arousal
  • highly motivated
  • UNDERDEVELOPED MORAL REASONING
  • players with low levels of moral reasoning
  • more likely to be aggressive
  • BRACKETED MORALITY
  • double standard
  • condoning aggressive behaviour may retard
    players moral development
  • aggression is wrong in life, but OK in sport

6
CAUSES OF AGGRESSION
Aggression
  • SPECIFIC CAUSES
  • high environmental temperature
  • home or away
  • embarrassment
  • losing
  • pain
  • unfair officiating
  • playing below capability
  • large score difference
  • low league standing
  • later stage of play (near the end of a game)
  • reputation of opposition (get your retaliation in
    first)

7
THEORIES OF AGGRESSION
Aggression
  • INSTINCT THEORY
  • aggression is innate and instinctive
  • caused by survival of the species
  • sport releases built up aggression, catharsis
  • Lorentz
  • FRUSTRATION AGGRESSION THEORY
  • aggression caused by frustration
  • the person being blocked in the achievement of a
    goal
  • this causes a drive towards the source of
    frustration
  • Dollard

8
THEORIES OF AGGRESSION
Aggression
  • SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY (Bandura)
  • aggression is learned
  • by observation of others behaviour
  • then imitation of this aggressive behaviour
  • this is then reinforced by social acceptance of
    the behaviour
  • AGGRESSIVE CUE HYPOTHESIS (Berkowitz)
  • frustration causes anger and arousal
  • this creates a readiness for aggression
  • which can be initiated by an incident during the
    performance (the cue)
  • this is a learned response
  • example a player sees a colleague fouled then
    decides to join in

9
RESPONSIBILITY FOR AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR
Aggression
10
PREVENTION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR
Aggression
  • GOVERNING BODY
  • code of conduct
  • coaches
  • players
  • officials
  • use of strong officials
  • use of rules of games
  • punishment (remove league points)
  • sin bins
  • reward non-aggressive acts (FIFA fair play award)
  • use of language
  • reduce media sensationalism
  • coach education programme

11
PREVENTION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR
Aggression
  • COACHES / PLAYERS should
  • promote ethical behaviour
  • promote sporting behaviour
  • control aggressive behaviour
  • stress management strategies / relaxation
    techniques
  • self-control strategies
  • reduce levels of arousal
  • maintain a healthy will to win without winning
    being everything
  • set performance goals rather than outcome goals
  • remove players from field if at risk of
    aggression
  • enable channelling of aggression towards a
    performance goal
  • use peer pressure avoid letting the side down
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