THE FUNGI

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THE
FUNGI Reading Text Chapter 10. http//botit.bot
any.wisc.edu16080/toms_fungi/ (Many of the
slides in this lecture are borrowed from this
web site) http//www.forestpathology.org/fungi.ht
ml
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Out of the thousands of fungal species only a few
are plant pathogens
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Fungi are in their own Kingdom The vegetative
body of fungi is the mycelium (made up of
thread-like hyphae) which grow through or on
substrates. Fungi disperse widely by spores which
can be either asexual or sexual. The most
commonly produced spores are asexual conidia or
conidiopsores. Other asexual spores are
sporangiospores. Sexual spores include
zygospores, ascospores and basidiospores they
are produced in fruiting bodies. Spores can be
airborne, spread by rain splash or water or by
insects, other animals and humans. Oomycota
were once included in the Fungi but are now in
the Kingdom Stramenopila (Chromista). Oomycota
have asexual spores (zoospores) and sexual spores
(Oospores). Many fungi have resting stages -
chlamydospores or sclerotia
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FEATURES OF FUNGI AND
FUNGAL-LIKE ORGANISMS Kingdom Phyla
Features Hyphae Cell
walls Spores

Sexual Asexual Stramenopila
Oomycota no septa glucans/cellulose
Oospores zoospores (Chromista) Mycota
(Fungi) (True fungi) Zygomycota no septa
glucans/chitin Zygospores
sporangiospores
Ascomycota septa
glucans/mannans Ascospores conidia
Basidiomycota septa glucans/mannans
Basidiospores conidia,
(with
(rarely)
clamps)
Deuteromycota septa glucans/mannans
None conidia
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Basidiomycete hyphae showing clamp connections.
Also associated yeast cells and bacteria
Basidiomycete hyphae decaying wood cells clamp
connections and Ca oxalate crystals
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Phyla Role Oomycota
Damping off, feeder (fine) root
diseases Zygomycota Saprophyte, endomycorrhizal
fungi, few pathogens
(storage molds) Ascomycota Saprophyte,
ectomycorrhizal fungi, (Deuteromycota)
foliage diseases, cankers, vascular wilts,
fine root diseases,
powdery mildews, stain fungi Basidiomycota
Saprophytes, ectomycorrhizal fungi,
stem and branch decays,
structural root diseases,
rusts
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Nectria perithecia
Peziza apothecia
Ascomycota
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Nectria canker
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Different Basidiomycota
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