Climate correlations with geographical distribution

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Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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• Small-leaved European Linden tree Tilia cordata
• Northern limit in Britain in the Lake District
• Most populations are now very old trees that have
  not regenerated for gt100yrs
• Trees grow in rocky places which have probably
  never been cleared completely
• Pollen diagrams show Tilia invaded about 5,000 BC
  (temp 2ºC higher than now), but did not extend
  beyond present range
• Must have been able to produce frequent large
  crops of seeds at that time
• After 3,100 BC pollen declines suggesting failure
  to reproduce
• Present distribution is therefore a relict
  distribution determined by past conditions,
  coupled with persistence of trees over long time

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Tilia cordata
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• Tilia cordata continued..
• Present trees in Lake District have almost
  entirely sterile seeds
• 1964-79 (except 1976 hot year) lt0.2 fertile
  fruits from Lune Valley
• 1976 max 16 fertile fruit, but no seedlings
  found
• Trees from further south 20-55 fertiule in same
  period
• Some reduction of pollen on stigmas in N.
  populations, but variable
• Pollen tube growth failure most probable cause

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Tilia cordata
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• Tilia cordata continued..
• In Finland pollen tube growth and fertilization
  completed successfully
• Warmer, more continental climate
• But temperature falls rapidly at the end of the
  growing season and, at northern limit, embryo and
  endosperm development is arrested
• Fruits again sterile, but for different reason.

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Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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A Climate Change Atlas for 80 Forest Tree Species
of the Eastern United States Anantha M. Prasad
and Louis R. Iverson

• http//www.fs.fed.us/ne/delaware/atlas/index.html

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Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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Recap of relevant material in Class 3
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Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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Climate correlations with geographical
distribution 1. Interactions between temperature
and moisture. e.g.Tilia cordata
distribution, grasses in upland climates 2.
Climate and geographical distribution Climate
correlations with single species distributions
Inference of distributions from climate data
Current GAP types of analyses Future
Impacts of climate change 3. Indirect processes
failure of ecophysiological level of
complexity Competitive balance Nutrition, pH
e.g., grass communities Changed by climate
e.g., Sedum spp Metapopulation dynamics e.g.,
Lactuca serriola
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Hierachy of scales in Geographical distribution
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Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola)
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g1gtg2
Species present
Species absent
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Geographical range of Colophospermum mopane
(Mopane) in Southern Central Africa
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Most southern Mopane in Botswana. Note fruits
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Most southern Mopane in Botswana. Note fruits