The English Revolution

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The English Revolution

• World History

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I. James I
Queen Elizabeth I

• Elizabeth I had no children
• Closest relative James Stuart, King of
  Scotland.
• James I took English throne in 1603.
• Claimed divine right
• friction with parliament
• no religious toleration for Puritans.

King James I
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II. Charles I

• Conflict with Parliament over religion and taxes.
  Needed to fight France Spain.
• Asks Parliament for money. King must sign
  Petition of Right
• No taxes without Parliament consent.
• No quartering soldiers.
• No martial law in peace-time.
• no one kept in prison without specific charges

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• Signed, but often broken by the king.
• Parliament's protest leads to dismissal for 11
  years.
• Many Puritans are imprisoned.
• 1637 conflict- Charles forces Scottish churches
  to use Anglican prayer book - Scots revolt.

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• 1640 - Charles is forced to call Parliament for
  to fight Scots. Parliament refuses to give and
  is dismissed a second time by Charles after 3
  weeks.
• New elections called for by Charles- New
  Parliament passes laws limiting kings ability to
  tax.

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Kings of England from 1603 to 1640.
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III. England under Cromwell

• 1642- Puritans move to weaken kings control over
  army. Also to reform the Church of England.
• Charles orders soldiers to arrest leaders.
• Civil War 1642-1651
• Cavaliers loyal to the king.
• Roundheads Parliament supporters.

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Oliver Cromwell

• Leader of Roundheads is Oliver Cromwell.
• Eventually took king prisoner and had him
  beheaded for treason.
• England is declared a Commonwealth- Parliament is
  dismissed in 1653.
• Cromwell rules with military until his death in
  1658.

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IV. Restoration of the throne

• Parliament invites Charles son to assume throne
  - Charles II (1660 - 1685).
• Still religious conflicts -Catholics, Anglicans
  and Protestants.
• Charles II wanted his brother to succeed him - a
  Roman Catholic.

Charles II
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Stuart Rulers with Cromwell Interlude.
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V. The Glorious Revolution

• James II - King 1685-1689
• Catholic wife gives birth to a son. People fear
  he will be raised to restore Catholicism.
• 1689 - English throne is offered to Mary and
  William James flees to France.
• English Bill of Rights
• freedoms spelled out for Englishmen.

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English Parliament Triumphs