Citations and Bibliography

1
Citations and Bibliography

• Proper citation and bibliography information is
  necessary in research papers and other written
  assignments. It is required that you use proper
  references whenever necessary, i.e., when you use
  the ideas of other people.

2
Plagiarism

• Failure to properly give credit to your source of
  information comprises plagiarism i.e., taking the
  ideas of another person and using them as if they
  were your own ideas. Plagiarizing can subject
  you to administrative action or disciplinary
  penalty.

3
You must cite your source

• (1) When you use the 3 or more exact words of
  other authors. Indicate the direct quote by the
  use of quotation marks (Messinger, 2003, p. 12).
  
• Do not use direct quotes as a crutch.
• (2) When you paraphrase the words of someone
  else, i.e., when you use the idea, but not the
  exact words, of another person (Messinger, 2003).
  

4
Mention articles by citing them

• Z Y (2005) found
• A, B, C (2004) found)
• etc

5
How to cite the source.

• After a quotation or a paraphrase, place in
  parentheses the author's name and date of
  publication. If you are citing an exact
  quotation, include the page number after the
  date.
• seven-year-olds, with their newly developed
  sense of individuality and independence, view
  death as a remote possibility, at least as far as
  they themselves are concerned (Bluebond-Langer,
  1977, p. 61).
• How to fail
• seven-year-olds, with their newly developed sense
  of individuality and independence, dont view
  death as real (Bluebond-Langer, 1977).

6
Bibliography

• While citations are listed in the order in which
  they occur, entries in the bibliography are
  alphabetized. The form of the bibliography entry
  is also different from the citation.

7
References

• Arnold, L.E. (1977). The significance of life
  events as etiologic factors in the diseases of
  children. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 16,
  7-18.
• Fogel, A., Melson, G.F., Mistry, J. (1985).
  Conceptualizing the determinants of nurturance.
  In A. Fogel G. F. Melson (Eds.), Origins of
  nurturance (pp. 53-68). Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum.

8
Your title

• E.g.
• A Summary and Critique of Patterns of Brain
  Electrical Activity During Facial Signs of
  Emotion in 10 Month Old Infants (Fox Davidson,
  1988)
• Bibliography has full citation
• Fox, N. Davidson, R. J. (1988). Patterns of
  brain electrical activity during facial signs of
  emotion in 10 month old infants. Developmental
  Psychology, 24(2), 230-236.

9
APA

• This style of citations and bibliography is the
  one used by the American Psychological
  Association (APA), and it is the style adopted by
  most of the journals in the field of child
  development.
• Only in journal titles are all words capitalized.
  
• Book titles and titles of articles are lower case
  except for the first word.
• In some cases, your bibliography will have one
  source, the article that you are reviewing.