Emotion and the Brain Emotion

1
Emotion and the Brain Emotion

• Amygdala- Ability to learn emotional
  associations, recognize emotional expressions,
  and perceive emotionally charged words.
• Pyramidal motor system- Voluntary facial
  expressions---Fake smile
• Extrapyramidal motor system- Facial movements
  associated with emotions that are
  involuntary---Genuine smile

2
Aphasias Neuropsychology

• Brocas production not comprehension
• Grammatically incorrect
• Wernickes comprehension not production
• Word salad

3
Descriptive StatisticsResearch Methods

• Descriptive Statistics- numbers that describe and
  summarize a set of research data
• Mode- occurs most often
• Median- number in the middle (remember to
  numerically order the numbers take average of
  two middle numbers if there are an even of
  scores)
• Mean- average of all the numbers
• Range- difference between the highest and lowest
  numbers
• Standard Deviation- measures the spread of the
  data

4
Descriptive StatisticsResearch Methods

• Correlation the degree to which one variable is
  related to another (relationship between two
  variables) DOES NOT EQUAL CAUSATION
• Correlation co-efficient- (r) shows the strength
  and direction of the relationship
• Positive correlation- () the two variables move
  in the same directionthere is a direct
  relationship

5
Descriptive StatisticsResearch Methods

• Negative correlation- (-) two variables move in
  opposite directionthere is an inverse
  relationship
• No Correlation- (0) the two variables are not
  related to one another

6
Culture, Language, and ThoughtLanguage

• Consult Pages 316- 317 in the text
• Linguistic determinism- language shapes thought
• Example Snow. English language only has one
  word for snow Eskimos may have multiple words
  for snow. So Whorf believed that Eskimos thought
  about snow differently.
• Also refer to the color example
• Framing Effect- language can affect reasoning,
  problem solving, and decision making thinking
  influenced by words used to describe situation
• Example Going to the grocery store. One box
  says no added fat and another says 15 fat
  they could easily mean the same thing.

7
Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentLifespan
Development Piagets Theory

• Sensorimotor Stage (birth 2 yrs)- mental
  activity confined to sensory perception and motor
  skills
• Object permanence
• A not B error
• Preoperational Stage (2-7 yrs)- begins to use
  symbols to represent things that are not present
  (words, images, and symbols represent
  world..imaginary play)
• Egocentrism
• Animism
• Conservation
• -irreversibility
• -centration

8
Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentLifespan
DevelopmentPiagets Theory

• Concrete Operational (7-11yrs)- a child's
  thinking is no longer dominated by visual
  appearance (understand conservation, able to
  reverse, simple logic)
• Formal Operational Stage (11 yrs)- Abstract
  thinking (hypothetical (scientific) reasoning
  develops)

9
Approaches to PsychologyIntroduction

• Biological- Biological factors affect behavior
  and mental events
• Evolutionary- Behavior is a result of evolution
  and natural selection
• Psychodynamic- Behavior is the result of
  unconscious conflicts
• Behavioral- Behavior is the result of learning
• Cognitive- Thoughts and mental processes are
  important
• Humanistic- Behavior is determined by an
  individuals unique thoughts and actions

10
Social Skills in DevelopmentLifespan Development

• Social Skills- Are learned being able to
  interact and communicate with others
• Empathy- the ability to know what someone else
  is feeling (I know how you feel)
• Also being able to respond to a particular
  emotion
• Self regulation- ability to control emotions and
  feelings (counting to calm down instead of
  throwing a temper tantrum)

11
ReflexesNeuropsychology

• Definition Involuntary, unlearned response
• The spinal cord directs some simple behaviors
  (reflexes) without instruction from the brain

12
Peripheral Nervous SystemNeuropsychology

• Peripheral Nervous System- parts of the nervous
  system not housed in bone.
• Somatic- Transmits info from senses to the CNS
  and carries signals from CNS to the muscles
• Autonomic- (memory gimmick- automatic) Regulates
  involuntary function (heart rate, BP, digestion,
  ect.)
• Sympathetic or Parasympathetic
• Fall under the autonomic system

13
Peripheral Nervous SystemNeuropsychology

• Sympathetic
• mobilizes body for action
• FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE
• Parasympathetic
• helps body conserve energy and calms body down
  after fight or flight

14
Areas of the BrainNeuropsychology

• See chart on page 91 of text
• or
• The handout on CAT's website

15
Students

• Here are some guidelines for the ten most
• missed questions from midterm one. Please use
  the lines to the right of the slide to add
  additional notes. Also, please beware that not
  every topic from the most missed is necessarily
  on here.
• Enjoy and happy studying! Anne