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Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

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Cell Size, Shape and Arrangement. Cell Shape - others ... Protoplast. Includes: inclusion bodies and ribosomes. Prokaryotic Structure. Cytoplasmic Matrix ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function


1
Lecture 4 Prokaryotic Cell Structure and
Function
Chapter 3 pp. 39 72
2
Prokaryotes
  • Terms
  • Prokaryotes Bacteria Archaea

3
Cell Size, Shape and Arrangement
  • Cell Shape
  • Coccus (pl. Cocci)

4
Cell Size, Shape and Arrangement
  • Cell Shape
  • Bacillus (pl. Bacilli)

5
Cell Size, Shape and Arrangement
  • Cell Shape - others
  • Filaments or hyphae
  • Spirilla or spirochetes
  • Oval or pear shape
  • Pleomorphic

6
Cell Size, Shape and Arrangement
7
Cell Size, Shape and Arrangement
  • Cell Size
  • Vary vastly

8
Prokaryotic Structure
9
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cell Membranes
  • Plasma Membrane

10
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Phospholipids

11
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Proteins
  • Peripheral
  • Integral

12
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Fluid mosaic model
  • Hopanoids

13
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cell Membranes
  • Internal Membrane

14
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Internal Membranes
  • Mesosomes

15
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Internal Membranes
  • Other internal membranes

16
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cytoplasmic Matrix
  • Protoplast
  • Includes inclusion bodies and ribosomes

17
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cytoplasmic Matrix
  • Inclusion Bodies

18
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Inclusion Bodies
  • Glycogen
  • poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate

19
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Inclusion Bodies
  • Cyanophycin granules
  • Carboxysomes
  • Polyphosphate granules
  • Sulfur granules

20
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21
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Inclusion Bodies
  • Gas vacuoles

22
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cytoplasmic Matrix
  • Ribosomes

23
Prokaryotic Structure
24
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Nucleoid

25
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Plasmids

26
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27
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28
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cell Wall
  • Envelope
  • Periplasmic space periplasm

29
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cell Wall
  • Gram Negative
  • Gram Positive

30
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cell Wall
  • Osmotic protection

31
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Cell Wall
  • Gram - vs Gram

32
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Peptidoglycan (Murein)
  • Polymer of two altering sugar derivatives
  • Have short amino acid chains running off the
    polymer
  • Polymers are connected with cross links that
    connect the amino acid chains

33
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Polymer of two altering sugar derivatives

34
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Have short amino acid chains running off the
    polymer

35
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36
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Polymers are connected with cross links, which
    connect the amino acid chains

37
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38
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Gram Positive Cell Wall
  • Periplasmic space thick layer of peptidoglycan

39
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Gram Positive Cell Wall
  • Peptidoglycan also contains teichoic Acid

40
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41
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Gram Negative Cell Wall
  • Plasma membrane thin layer of peptidoglycan
    outer membrane

42
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Outer Membrane
  • Brauns lipoprotein
  • Adhesion sites

43
  • Outer Membrane
  • Porin proteins

44
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Outer Membrane
  • Composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

45
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46
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Components of the Envelope
  • Glycocalyx

47
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Components of the Envelope
  • Capsule
  • Slime layers

48
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Components of the Envelope
  • S-layer

49
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Structures projecting from the envelope
  • Fimbriae
  • Pili

50
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51
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Motility
  • Flagella

52
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Flagella arrangement
  • Monotrichous

53
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Flagella arrangement
  • Amphitrichous

54
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Flagella arrangement
  • Lophotrichous

55
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Flagella arrangement
  • Peritrichous

56
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57
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Flagella fine structure (ultra structure)
  • Filament
  • Basal body
  • Hook

58
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Filament
  • Made of flagellin

59
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Basal body
  • Gram

60
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Basal body
  • Gram -

61
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Hook

62
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Flagella and Bacteria movement
  • Filament rotates to move bacteria

63
Prokaryotic Structure
64
Prokaryotic Structure
65
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Flagella and Bacteria movement
  • The motor consists of moving and non moving parts
    in the basal body
  • Energy is derived from a proton gradient

66
Prokaryotic Structure
67
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Chemotaxis
  • Positive
  • Negative

68
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Chemotaxis
  • No attractant or repellant

69
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Chemotaxis
  • In presence of a chemical gradient (attractant)

70
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Chemotaxis
  • Notes

71
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Endospores

72
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Endospores
  • Visible under the light microscope

73
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Endospores
  • Subcellular location
  • Terminal
  • Subterminal
  • Central

74
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Endospores
  • Formation sporogenesis or sporulation

75
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76
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77
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Endospores
  • germination

78
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Endospores
  • Ultrastucure

79
Prokaryotic Structure
80
Prokaryotic Structure
  • Endospores
  • Dipicolinic acid
  • Calcium
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