Welcome to JuniorIntermediate Methods: Lecture

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Welcome to Junior/Intermediate Methods Lecture
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• Please sign the attendance sheet
• Please wear your name tag
• Please randomly pick up a coloured sheet of paper
• Please sit in groups of four

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Brain Teaser 1

What word is represented by the letters
below? M.D.                  M.D.
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Brain Teaser 1 Answer
M.D.                  M.D. Paradox.......Pair
of Docs.

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Brain Teaser 2
Fill in the blanks below with a word that has the
same meanings as the words on either side.
(plunder)   ____________  (bag) (shoreline)
____________ (slide) 


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Brain Teaser 2 Answer

Fill in the blanks below with a word that has the
same meanings as the words on either side.
(plunder) SACK (bag) (shoreline)
COAST (slide) 
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Last Lecture Food For Thought

• Myths which are believed tend to become true.
• George Orwell (1903-1950)
• Writer, Author, Journalist
• The power of belief can move mountains!

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Cooperative DisciplineAdapted from Linda
Alberts Book

• Cooperative Discipline assumes that students will
  misbehave again if the strategies aren't
  accompanied by encouragement techniques that
  build self-esteem and strengthen the student's
  motivation to cooperate and learn
• Strategies for encouraging students fall into
  three categories (1) Feeling Capable, (2)
  Feeling Connected, and (3) Contributing
• Usually the student has one of four goals for
  misbehaving (1) Attention, (2) Power, (3)
  Revenge, and (4) Avoidance of Failure
• We discussed interventions for these four areas

REVIEW
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Types of Learning Visual Learners 65 of
Population Auditory Learners 30 of
Population Kinesthetic Learners 5 of
Population Most people use all three, but have
a preference towards on
REVIEW
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Lecture Summary Graphic Organizers Word
Webs Venn Diagrams Story Maps Most people
use all three, but have a preference towards on
REVIEW
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Constructivism
Film Clip Dr. John Abbot discusses the theory
of Constructivism
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Constructivism

• Constructivism is a psychological theory of
  knowledge (epistemology) which argues that humans
  construct knowledge and meaning from their
  experiences.
• Swiss philosopher Jean Piaget (1896-198) is
  considered the father of constructivism
• He suggested that through processes of
  accommodation and assimilation, individuals
  construct new knowledge from their experiences.
• When individuals assimilate, they incorporate the
  new experience into an already existing framework
  without changing that framework.
• Accommodation, rather, is the process of
  reframing one's mental representation of the
  external world to fit new experiences.

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• Example of Assimilation
• In terms of child development, Piaget used the
  term assimilation to refer to the process in
  which a child modifies new information to fit
  into an existing schema. Example -- a child sees
  a cow for the first time and says "doggy." The
  child fits the strange animal into the existing
  schema of "doggy."
• Example of Accommodation
• Accommodation, on the other hand, refers to the
  creation or modification of a schema. Example --
  The parent says, "no, that's a cow." The next cow
  comes along and the child says "cow." The doggy
  schema has been modified and a new schema, "cow"
  has been created.

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• Nota Bene
• Constructivism is not a particular pedagogy
• Constructivism is a theory describing how
  learning happens, regardless of whether learners
  are using their experiences to understand a
  lecture or following the instructions for
  building a model airplane
• In both cases, the theory of constructivism
  suggests that learners construct knowledge out of
  their experiences.
• However, Constructivism is often associated with
  pedagogic approaches that promote active
  learning or learning by doing.

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• The Role of Educators in Constructivist Learning
• According to the social constructivist approach,
  instructors have to adapt to the role of
  facilitators and not teachers
• Where a traditional teacher gives a lecture which
  covers the subject matter, a facilitator helps
  the learner t get to his or her own understanding
  of the content.
• In the teaching scenario the learner plays a
  passive role (transmission paradigm) and in the
  facilitator scenario the learner plays an active
  role (transaction paradigm) in the learning
  process.

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• Class Activity
• Form groups based on the colour of paper you
  picked up at the beginning of class (all same
  colours form a group)
• Your group has 15 minutes to complete the
  following task
• (1) Everybody has to make their own paper
  airplane, but each airplane must be identical in
  appearance, size, and scale to all the other
  airplanes in your specific group
• (2) You must also think of an aerodynamic design,
  as you will compete against other groups for
  distance
• (3) Each group has been given extra pieces of
  paper for test designs

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Classification of Learning Skills and Outcomes
From the Airplane Activity Consider Some of the
Following Questions 1 What did your learn
(as a group and individually) 2 How did you
and your group learn it? (what process/procedures
did you follow?)
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Please Return Back to Your Original Seat!
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Holistic Education

• Holistic Education is been around for thousands
  of years, mostly in Eastern Cultures
• In the West, Ancient Greece and Rome also
  practiced Holistic philosophies
• Modern-day Western Philosophies are far removed
  from Holistic Thinking, because we have
  fragmented every aspect of life, sometime
  referred to the atomization of life
• There are many individuals in the West who are
  proponents of Holistic Education
• John (Jack) P. Miller (from U. of Toronto) book
  The Holistic Curriculum (originally published in
  1993) has taken root as the bible of Holistic
  Education

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Millers Definition of Holistic Education

• The focus of Holistic Education is on
  relationships between
• linear thinking and intuition
• mind and body
• various domains of knowledge
• individual and the community
• self (personal ego) and Self (higher universal
  being)
• In holistic curriculum, students examine these
  relationships so that s/he gains both an
  awareness of them and the skills necessary to
  transform the relationships where it is
  appropriate

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Three Paradigms of Pedagogical Practice.Adapted
From Miller, John P. (1993). The holistic
curriculum. Toronto, Ontario OISE Press.
Teacher
Student
Teacher
Student
Transmission Paradigm
Transaction Paradigm (constructivism)
Holistic Education
Teacher
Student
Transformation Paradigm
Area of Transformation
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Holistic Education

• Transmission Paradigm
• Based on Atomism, which has stressed segmentation
  and a reduction of the curriculum into small,
  separate units.
• The objectives of curriculum was to correspond to
  the daily activities of humans, hence the
  curriculum was broken down into over 20,000
  skills or behaviours
• Teaching Strategies are unidirectional, and the
  student is a passive, empty vessel waiting to
  absorb knowledge from the teacher through
  traditional subjects and traditional teaching
  methods

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Holistic Education

• Transaction Paradigm
• (Constructivism)
• Based on Pragmatism, which has stressed that the
  universe is in a constant process of change, and
  our experience of these changes need to be
  scientifically tested
• The objectives of curriculum was more of a
  scientific method consisting of Defining,
  Clarifying, Data Collection Use of Evidence,
  Exploration of Positions, and Generalizing
• Teaching Strategies are bi-directional, and the
  student has a voice in the learning process.
  Education is viewed as a dialogue between the
  student and the curriculum where the student
  reconstructs knowledge through the dialogue
  process

Charles S. Peirce's logic of pragmatism
Charles Sanders Peirce (September 10, 1839
April 19, 1914) was an American logician,
mathematician, philosopher, and scientist,
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Holistic Education

• Transformation Paradigm
• Based on Holism, the philosophy which holds
  that all things are part of an indivisible unity
  or whole
• The objectives of holistic curriculum are rooted
  in education that is based on a profound
  understanding of human development that addresses
  the needs of the growing child. Holistic
  teachers aim to transform education into an art
  that educates the whole student the heart and
  the hands, as well as the head.
• Teaching Strategies focus on personal and social
  change (cognitive, esthetic, moral, physical, and
  spiritual needs) for both the student and the
  teacher

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Class activity
In your current groups of four, discuss the
following questions (1) One of the most
difficult things for first rookie teachers is the
what do I do on Monday morning? syndrome. How
practical, therefore, is holistic education in
this context?
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Class activity
(2) Holistic education perpetuates the notion
that we need to simplify things by looking at
them as a whole and not divide them up at the
atomic level. Yet, holistic education aims to
focus on the students cognitive, esthetic,
moral, physical, and spiritual needs, which in
itself sounds intricate and complicated.
Discuss this paradox.
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Class activity
(3) Holistic education requires a teacher with
years of experience, stellar classroom control,
and the realization that traditional methods of
teaching are antiquated. Once this level has
been reached, Holistic Education provides a
fresh, new, and exciting challenge in the
teaching profession. Discuss this statement.
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Class activity
(4) How can a rookie teacher incorporate holistic
education principles into the curriculum?
Provide examples.
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Lecture Summary
Constructivism and Holistic Education are two
important educational theories!
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2nd Teaching Block Contact

• Please email me sometime during the 2nd week of
  your upcoming 3 week teaching block
• Let me know how things are going
• johnv_at_nipissingu.ca

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• Good Luck on Your Next Teaching Block!

dL
Luck Favours the Prepared!