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Identification ofinsect pests and IPMmethodsfor control

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Title: Identification ofinsect pests and IPMmethodsfor control


1
Identification of insect pests and
IPM methods for control
  • Kris Braman
  • University of Georgia

2
Integrated Pest ManagementIPM
  • Use of all available tactics to maintain pests at
    acceptable levels including
  • Mechanical
  • Biological
  • Cultural
  • Chemical
  • Regulatory

3
Components of Integrated Pest Management
  • Diagnosis and detection pest (and beneficial!)
    identification
  • Monitoring and assessment
  • Understanding pest and beneficial biology and
    life cycles
  • Develop a control strategy
  • Implement a control strategy
  • Evaluate the level of control

4
Key plant/Key pest
  • Common features of landscape
  • Regularly prone to particular pests

5
Crapemyrtle Pest Management Calendar
6
Crape myrtle aphid
7
Japanese beetle
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Table 1. Mean Japanese beetle damage or
number of crapemyrtle aphids after application of
products for insect control on crapemyrtle

10
Table 2. Mean s.e. number of crapemyrtle
aphids on crapemyrtle after application of
insecticides
11
Japanese beetle and aphid control trials on
crapemyrtle
  • Greatest reduction in Japanese beetle damage was
    evident with bifenthrin and lambda cyhalothrin.
  • Bifenthrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, imidacloprid
    and thiamethoxam were the most effective among
    twelve insecticides tested in a field trial for
    suppression of both naturally occurring aphids
    and beetles.

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13
Altica sp. flea beetles
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Host Plants
  • Oenothera missouriensis and O. speciosa
  • Gaura (whirling butterfly)
  • Epilobium fleischeri
  • Zauschneria garretti
  • Linum flavum
  • Alfalfa
  • Ribes aureum
  • 'Currant'
  • Crabapple
  • Grape
  • Orange flowering fuschia
  • Coyote willow
  • Wild rose
  • Sedums (ground cover type)
  • Prunus besseyi
  • Chickweed
  • Oenothera speciosa (Showy primrose, Onagraceae)
  • O. laciniata (Cutleaf evening primrose,
    Onagraceae)
  • O. lamarckiana (Evening primrose, Onagraceae)
  • O. missouriensis (Missouri primrose, Onagraceae)
  • O. fruticosa (Sundrops, Onagraceae)
  • Cuphea (Mexican heather, Lythraceae)
  • Gaura lindheimeri (Whirling butterflies,
    Onagraceae)
  • Lythrum salicaria (Purple loosestrife,
    Lythraceae)

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Crapemyrtle resistance to Altica
  • Acoma
  • Apalachee
  • Biloxi
  • Lipan
  • Natchez
  • Osage
  • Tonto
  • Tuscarora
  • Wichita
  • Yuma

28
Holly Pest Management Calendar
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Southern Red Mite Damage
31
Twolined spittlebug
  • 137 holly species and cultivars evaluated for
    resistance to adult feeding
  • 63 taxa were undamaged by TLS
  • Species generally resistant included I.
    vomitoria, I. cornuta, I. glabra, I.verticillata

32
Twolined spittlebug
  • 10 taxa were highly susceptible
  • High susceptibility in hollies with I. cassine
    or I. opaca parentage

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34
Columbine leafminer and parasites
35
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36
Florida wax scale
  • 231 holly selections evaluated
  • Taxa rated as most resistant included I. crenata,
    I. buergeri, I. glabra, I. myrtifolia, I.
    verticillata, I. vomitoria within parental lines
  • Heavy infestations on I. cornuta, I. cassine, I.
    opaca and others

37
Azalea/Rhododendron Pest Management Calendar
38
Common Insect and Mite Pests of Azaleas
  • Azalea lace bug
  • Azalea caterpillar
  • Azalea bark scale
  • Southern red mite
  • Azalea leaf miner
  • Cranberry rootworm
  • others

39
Azalea leafminer
  • Yellow caterpillars ca. 1/2 inch long
  • small larvae mine leaves
  • large larvae roll tips of leaves
  • two applications two weeks apart in April

40
Azalea caterpillar
  • Red to brown with white and yellow stripes when
    small
  • full grown have a red head and prolegs with white
    stripes
  • chemical control most effective on small
    caterpillars

41
Southern red mite
  • Leaves become mottled
  • cool season Feb-April
  • Insecticidal soap or horticultural oil

42
Azalea lace bug
  • Key pest of azaleas
  • Four generations per year
  • Optimize control with first generation
  • Many natural enemies
  • Resistant azaleas
  • Aesthetic Injury Levels

43
Azalea lace bug
  • 17 species or cultivars of native azaleas
    evaluated
  • High levels of resistance found in 3 azalea
    species
  • Piedmont, Plumleaf and Pinxterbloom azalea

44
Predaceous plant bugs
45
Azalea lace bug egg parasite
46
Azalea bark scale
  • Plants may appear yellow and covered with black
    sooty mold
  • insects on twigs appear cottony or waxy
  • Treat crawlers in late April-May
  • prune out infested plant parts

47
Cranberry rootworm
  • Small shiny black-green beetles
  • Feed at night and hide in litter during day
  • Remove litter and weeds from area
  • Usually most common in dense shade

48
Cranberry rootworm
  • Piedmont azalea moderately resistant
  • Pinxterbloom highly susceptible
  • DVW highly resistant

49
Symptoms of plant problems caused by insects
  • Chewed or tattered foliage or blossoms
  • Stippled (flecked), yellowed, bronzed or bleached
    foliage
  • Distortion of plant parts
  • Dieback of plant parts
  • Insect or insect-related products

50
Chewed or Tattered Foliage or Blossoms
  • Larvae of moths or butterflies
  • Larvae of or adult beetles
  • Sawfly larvae
  • Grasshoppers
  • Snails and slugs

51
Sawflies- Red-headed pine sawfly
52
Orange Striped Oakworm
53
Orange Striped Oakworm
54
Oak Pest Management Calendar
55
Stippled, Yellowed, Bronzed or Bleached Foliage
  • Spider mites
  • Leafhoppers
  • Plant bugs
  • Lace bugs
  • Thrips
  • Aphids
  • Psyllids

56
Spruce Spider Mite
57
Juniper Pest Management Calendar
58
Two spotted spider mite
59
Sampling for Mites
60
Distortion of Plant Parts
  • Aphids
  • Thrips
  • Eriophyid (gall, blister, bud or rust) Mites
  • Larvae of some Moths

61
Maple Bladder Gall Mite
62
Maple Bladder Gall Mite
63
Dieback of Plant Parts
  • Scale insects
  • Moth or beetle larvae that bore
  • Cynipid (gall) wasps

64
Euonymus Scale
65
Euonymus Scale
66
Euonymus Scale
67
SCALE WITH PARASITE EMERGENCE HOLES
68
Dogwood Borer
69
Dogwood Borer
70
Dogwood Pest Management Calendar
71
Flatheaded Apple Tree Borer
72
Flatheaded Apple Tree Borer
73
Flatheaded Apple Tree Borer
74
Insect or Insect-Related Products
  • Honeydew or sooty mold from aphids, scale,
    mealybugs, leafhoppers, whiteflies
  • Dark fecal specs-lace bugs
  • Tents, webs, silken mats-tent caterpillars,
    webworms, leaf rollers
  • Spittle-spittlebugs
  • Cast skins-aphids, leafhoppers, lace bugs

75
Insect or Insect-Related Products
  • Pitch masses, pitch tubes, frass toothpicks-
    caterpillars and beetles that bore in wood
  • Flocculence-adelgids, mealybugs, scales, aphids
  • Slime-slugs and snails

76
Azalea Lace Bug-fecal material covering eggs
77
Flocculence- Cottony Maple Scale
78
Wax Scale
79
Tent caterpillar
80
Tent caterpillar
81
Tent caterpillar
82
Fall Webworm
83
Fall Webworm
84
Why use pest-resistant plants?
  • Attractive appearance
  • Aesthetic value maintained with fewer pesticide
    inputs
  • Economic and environmental savings
  • and sense!

85
Evaluations at UGA to identify resistance to key
pests
  • Azalea lace bug
  • Two spotted spider mite
  • Whitefly and lantanta lace bug
  • Two lined spittlebug
  • Florida wax scale
  • Oleander aphid
  • Japanese beetle
  • Altica flea beetle
  • Columbine leafminer
  • Deciduous azaleas
  • Butterfly Bushes
  • Lantana
  • Hollies
  • Hollies
  • Asclepias cultivars
  • Crapemyrtle
  • Columbine

86
Two spotted spider mite
  • 37 Buddleia species and cultivars evaluated
  • B. fallowiana Alba and B. davidii x B.
    fallowiana Cornwall Blue highly resistant to
    mites

87
Whitefly and lantana lace bug
  • 11 lantana cultivars evaluated for resistance to
    greenhouse and silverleaf whitefly and lantana
    lace bug
  • Larger-leaved cultivars very susceptible and may
    serve as indicator plants

88
Oleander aphid
  • 24 Asclepias taxa evaluated
  • Gradients in susceptibility suggest options in
    high density aphid areas

89
Oleander aphid
  • A. tuberosa and A. physocarpa maintained better
    appearance
  • Numerous natural enemies colonize milkweed plants
    with aphids

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LADY BEETLE ADULT
93
LADY BEETLE LARVA
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GREEN LACEWING
96
GREEN LACEWING LARVA
97
Green Lacewing Eggs
98
APHID MUMMY
99
APHID PARASITE
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102
Acknowledgments
  • CANR project support is appreciated
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