Types of Diabetes

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Types of Diabetes
July 2006
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Types of Diabetes

• Session outline
• Glucose metabolism
• Diagnosis classification
• Features of type 1 diabetes
• Features of type 2 diabetes
• Clinical presentation
• Aims of management

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Glucose metabolism

• Food is broken down into glucose via the
  gastrointestinal tract.
• Glucose is absorbed in the blood stream.
• The pancreas produces insulin which allows the
  glucose to enter the cells of the body.

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Diabetes mellitus
RACGP (2006/07)
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Classification of diabetes

• Type 1Autoimmune response.
• Type 2Insulin resistance/deficiency.
• Impaired glucose toleranceAt risk of developing
  diabetes later in life.
• GestationalOccurs during pregnancy.
• SecondaryResult of another disorder.

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Features of type 1

• Characteristics
• Little or no insulin produced due to damage to
  beta cells.
• Onset
• Rapid onset, ketonuria often present, weight loss
  often present.
• Treatment
• Requires insulin therapy immediately and for
  ongoing survival.

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Features of type 2

• Characteristics
• Insufficient insulin or insulin resistance.
• Usually family history.
• Age, overweight, lifestyle factors.
• Onset
• Gradual onset and initially no symptoms.
• Treatment
• Diet, activity and/or oral tablets or insulin.

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Risks for type 2 diabetes

• Age gt 40 years
• Family history 1st degree relative
• Weight BMIgt 30
• Pregnancy babies gt 4kg /9 lb or gestational
  
• diabetes

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Clinical presentation

• Polyuria (passing urine lots)
• Polydipsia (extreme thirst)
• Polyphagia (extreme hunger)
• Lethargy

• Weight loss
• Glycosuria
• Skin and genital infections
• Blurred vision

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Aims of management

• Restore a balanced metabolism.
• Reduce the risk of complications.
• Reduce the progression of complications.