A Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics 1 Background

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(A) Building Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics (1) Background
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(A) Building Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics (2) Economic Reform and
Opening
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(A) Building Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics (3) The Four
Modernizations
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(A) Building Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics (4) Regional Economic
Development
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1a. What problems did Deng face in 1978? (15) b.
How did Deng tackle the problems That you
mentioned in a? (15)
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2a. What attempts were made by Deng To modernize
China in the last two Decades of the 20th
century? (15) b. How far did the attempts
contribute To the modernization of China? (15)
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• Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
• Return of Deng and beginning of a new era
• In 1977, Deng resumed/ rehabilitated
• After the death of Zhou.
• In 1978, he announced the shift of focus
• Change from class struggle and proletarian
• Revolutions to economic development and
• Socialist modernization. It was known as
• reform and openness

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• In 1977, Deng Xiaoping became Deputy Premier and
  Vice-Chairman of the Communist Party of China.
• He and his supporters started to regain control
  of the government and the CPC.

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The third Plenum of the 11th Central Committee of
the CPC (?????????????) was held in 1978. Deng
introduced the policy of reform and opening.
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• Reform and Opening (????)
• Uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (to keep to
  the socialist road and to uphold the peoples
  democratic dictatorship, leadership by the
  Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism
  and Mao Zedong Thought ) ???????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????

Economic construction (????)
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• B. Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
• What does it mean?
• Four modernization
• Focus on economic construction, improve
• Productivity and develop technology
• Socialist market economy
• Certain people get rich first and lead the
• Whole country to prosperity
• Carried out in 3 stages 1990-2000-2050

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Differences between Mao and Deng Mao stressed
ideological thinking Deng called for economic
and technological Changes Mao emphasized on
class struggle Deng unity among the classes
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Mao demanded self sufficiency Deng opened China
for trade, investment And joint ventures Mao
all achieved through ideological
Motivation Deng all achieved through material
Incentives.
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(A) Building Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics (2) Economic Reform and
Opening
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• introduced in 1978
• aimed at increasing peasants incentive to work
• allowed peasants to keep agricultural output
  after handing in a fixed amount to the state
• allowed peasants to sell their crops on the free
  market

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The Household Responsibilty System increased
agricultural production. The government extended
the contracted period from 15 years to 30 years
in 2003.
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In 1979, the procurement prices of crops was
increased to raise peasants income.
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The Household Responsibility System and the
increase in procurement prices improved the
livelihood of the peasants.
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Local governments set up township and village
enterprises (????) to provide employment
opportunities and to promote economic
development.
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The number of TVEs and workers engaged in these
enterprises increased rapidly in the last 20
years.
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• provided government with 94 billion Rmb taxes in
  1992
• provided township and village governments with
  revenue to develop agriculture
• absorbed over 50 of surplus rural labour force

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The government also encouraged people to set up
private enterprises (??). These enterprises have
become an important sector in Chinas economy.
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• poor economic performance
• lack of incentive to improve productivity
  because of standardization of wages

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• allowed SOEs to retain a share of profit to
  improve workers welfare and technology
• gave SOEs greater power in making economic
  decisions
• replaced the jobs-for-life policy with contract
  system
• introduced Manager Responsibility System (?????)
• allowed SOEs to be privatized or merge together

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(C) The Open Door Policy
In 1978, China introduced the Open Door Policy to
attract foreign investment.
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(A) Building Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics (3) The Four
Modernizations
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(a) Background
In 1975, Premier Zhou Enlai suggested carrying
out the programme of Four Modernizations (?????).

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• written into the party constitution at the 11th
  National Party Congress in 1977
• written into the state constitution

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(b) Agricultural Modernization

• re-opened the Agricultural Bank of China to
  centralize the management of agricultural funds
  and loans in 1979
• increased financial support to agriculture

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• Set up agricultural universities to develop new
  farming techniques

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(c) Industrial Modernization
Chinas industries developed rapidly with the
opening of the country in 1978. During 1978-98,
industrial production increased about 12
annually.
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China has put great effort into the development
of hi-tech information, automobile and
petrochemical industries.
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(d) Scientific and Technological Modernization

• To re-organize scientific research institutions
• To develop more scientific centres

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• To train more professional scientific researchers

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(A) Building Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics (4) Regional Economic
Development
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(a) Inland-development Policy
China started to promote the industrial
development in inland China in the 1950s.

• to redress the imbalance in industrial
  development of different regions
• to promote provincial self-reliance and
  self-sufficiency

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(b) Coastal-development Policy
In 1988, China introduced the Coastal Development
Plan (??????).

• to accelerate the development of the coastal
  regions
• to maximize the benefits of the export trade
• to attract more foreign investment

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(c) Western-development Policy
In the 1990s, China started to place more
emphasis on achieving a balanced regional
development.
the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) and the 2010
Long Term Development Plan (2010???????).
President Jiang Zemins proposal of
western-development strategy
Introduction of the Western Development Plan
(???????)
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• Social Reform
• Improvements in education and culture
• Schools and universities resumed admission
• Nine year compulsory education introduced
• Cultural and sports activities flourished
• A variety of books and movies available.
• Olympic Games
• Birth Control-One child family policy