NERI 2002, Oragnisation and keyfigures

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RECOMMENDATION FOR GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL
PRACTICE INTO OFFSHORE WIND DEVELOPMENT
Ib Krag Petersen, Tony Fox, Mark Desholm, Johnny
Kahlert and Thomas Kjær Christensen Dept. of
Wildlife Ecology and BiodiversityNational
Environmental Research Institute University of
Aarhus, Denmark ikp_at_dmu.dk
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Shorebird Flyways
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(No Transcript)
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Defining the problem

• Which are the key species?
• What are the hazards?
• How can we assess the local effects?

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Which are the key species?

• Those for which the area is important at some
  stage in the annual life cycle
• Those which enjoy special protection measures
• Those that are for some reason vulnerable to
  development
• Those showing characteristics that make them
  vulnerable to windfarms
• Those that exhibit high annual adult survival
  and low reproductive output
• Most emphasis therefore on long-lived waterbirds
  

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What are the hazards?

• Avoidance response
• - Displacement to movement
• (lateral)

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What are the hazards?

• Avoidance response
• - Displacement to movement
• (altitudinal)

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What are the hazards?

• Avoidance response
• - Effective habitat loss

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What are the hazards?

• Avoidance response
• - Effective habitat loss

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What are the hazards?

• Habitat loss/gain
• - less than 1
• of the total area

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What are the hazards?

• Collision rate

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What are the hazards?

• Avoidance response
• - Displacement to movement
• - Effective habitat loss
• Habitat loss/gain
• Collision rate

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Displacement of movement

• measure flight trajectories in 3 dimension
  space
• compared pre- and post- construction flight
  trajectories

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Displacement of movement

• autumn migration of land birds

• autumn migration of waterbirds

• spring migration of waterbirds

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Displacement of movement
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Habitat loss/gain

• Behavioural response (effective habitat loss)
• Physical habitat loss (under foundations and
  anti-scour)
• Physical habitat gain (foundations and
  anti-scour)

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Habitat loss/gain
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Habitat loss/gain

• Wind farm area
• 2 km strip outside
• Area 2-4 km outside

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Habitat loss/gain
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Collision rate

• Pre-construction modelling
• Post construction monitoring (validation)

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Collision rate

• Pre-construction modelling

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Collision rate

• Pre-construction
• modelling

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Collision rate

• Pre-construction modelling

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Collision rate

• Thermal
• Animal
• Detection
• System
• (TADS)

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Collision rate
Post construction monitoring
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VISUAL STIMULUS AVOIDANCE RESPONSE
PHYSICAL HABITAT LOSS/MODIFICATION
COLLISION MORTALITY
Hazard factor
Physical effects
Ecological effects
Energetic costs
Fitness consequences
Changes to overall population size
Population impacts
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BEST PRACTICE?

• Strategic overview that facilitate overall site
  selection for offshore wind farm development
• The EIA process address the situation for a
  specific site
• Post-construction monitoring will quantify
  predictions from EIAs and generate generic
  results for the general public
• Cumulative effects need to be managed by a more
  general body than the individual EIA process.

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Thank you for your attention