XMML a standardsconformant XML language for geology features

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XMML a standards-conformant XML language for
geology features

• Simon Cox
• CSIRO Exploration Mining
• http//www.em.csiro.au

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Outline

• Information communities
• Information models and GML
• XMML

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Information Communities

• Meaningful discourse requires shared information
  models

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Feature Model

• Features is a useful meta-model for geospatial
  data
• Feature item of interest in the real world,
  or a digital representation of one
• geospatial context with identity a
  description of which you might want to transport
• Feature-type fixes the set of properties
• ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information
• ISO 19109 Rules for Application Schema
• ISO 19110 Feature Cataloguing Methodology

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Feature Types

• Borehole
• collar location
• shape
• collar diameter
• length
• operator
• logs

• Fault
• Surface trace
• Dip
• Displacement
• Age

• Ore-body
• Commodity
• Deposit type
• Host formation
• Shell (3-D outline)
• Resource estimate

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Community language

• based on the Feature model requires
• catalogue of feature-types
• fault, rock-unit
• natural phenomena
• borehole, gravity measurement
• artefacts of exploration activity
• mineral occurrence
• intersection of geology economics
• descriptors, classifications (vocabularies, etc)
• lithologies, commodities, stratigraphic units,
• Formalised description of this language
• structure of feature types defined in XML Schema
• constraints on values of properties defined in
• schema
• external dictionaries
• GML Application Language

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GML 3

• Open GIS Consortium
• XML implementation of ISO Feature model
• Provides a set of components for building
  Application Languages
• Geometry/topologytemporalcoordinate reference
  systems (ISO 19107, 19108, 19111)
• Coverages grids (ISO 19123), Observations,
  Dynamic features, Definitions, Units of
  measure, essential basic datatypes
• v3.1 imminent
• N.B. You cant use GML directly
• it must be packaged in an Application Language

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Feature Model and GML

• and the relationship with UML and table models

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Feature model in UML

• Basic feature model

• to be extended for specific applications

• class name feature-type
• e.g. borehole
• attribute association names properties
  of this feature-type
• Strong typing
• consequence of defining feature-type by set of
  properties

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Information transport

• Serialised form

ltxmmlBorehole gmlid"R456"gt
ltgmldescriptiongtExploration holelt/gmldescription
gt ltgmlnamegtnorth_r_679lt/gmlnamegt
ltxmmlcollarLocationgt ltgmlPoint
srsName"urngalocalGrid68" gmlid"c679"gt
ltgmlposgt ... lt/gmlposgt lt/gmlPointgt
lt/xmmlcollarLocationgt ltxmmlcollarDiameter
uom"m"gt0.15ltxmmlcollarDiametergt ltxmmlshape
xlinkhref"http//my.big.org/borehole_surveys/s67
9"/gt ltxmmllogsgt ltxmmlIntervalLoggt
ltgmlnamegtLithology loglt/gmlnamegt
ltxmmlcategoryList property"lith"

codeSpace"unitcodesgt CANIS FH PL2
PL3 AQ AQL T1 T2 C1 C2 GCWS
lt/xmmlcategoryListgt ...
lt/xmmlIntervalLoggt lt/xmmllogsgt lt/xmmlBorehol
egt

• Based on Geography Markup Language
• element name feature-type
• sub-elements properties of this feature-type

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UML lt-gt GML
ltgmlFeature gmlid"R456"gt ltgmldescriptiongtEx
ploration boreholelt/gmldescriptiongt
ltgmlnamegtnorth_r_679lt/gmlnamegt
ltgmllocationgt ltgmlPoint
srsName"urngalocalGrid68" gmlid"c679"gt
ltgmlposgt ... lt/gmlposgt lt/gmlPointgt
lt/gmllocationgt lt/gmlFeaturegt
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UML profile required for GML

• UML Classes GML Features/Objects
• things with identity
• UML Associations/attributes GML properties
• name indicates relationship between object and
  value
• Associations must be labelled
• rolename property name
• rolename must be unique for a class
• content model for property is fixed

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Table lt-gt GML

• There is no unique table lt-gt xml mapping
• Similar problem in Object-Relational mapping

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Mapping XML lt-gt table
ltxmmlBorehole gmlid"R456"gt
ltgmldescriptiongtExploration holelt/gmldescription
gt ltgmlnamegtnorth_r_679lt/gmlnamegt
ltxmmlcollarLocationgt ltgmlPoint
srsName"urngalocalGrid68" gmlid"c679"gt
ltgmlposgt ... lt/gmlposgt lt/gmlPointgt
lt/xmmlcollarLocationgt ltxmmlcollarDiameter
uom"m"gt0.15ltxmmlcollarDiametergt ltxmmlshape
xlinkhref"http//my.big.org/borehole_surveys/s67
9"/gt lt/xmmlBoreholegt
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Mapping XML lt-gt table
ltxmmlBorehole gmlid"R456"gt
ltgmldescriptiongtExploration holelt/gmldescription
gt ltgmlnamegtnorth_r_679lt/gmlnamegt
ltxmmlcollarLocationgt ltgmlPoint
srsName"urngalocalGrid68" gmlid"c679"gt
ltgmlposgt ... lt/gmlposgt lt/gmlPointgt
lt/xmmlcollarLocationgt ltxmmlcollarDiameter
uom"m"gt0.15ltxmmlcollarDiametergt ltxmmlshape
xlinkhref"http//my.big.org/borehole_surveys/s67
9"/gt lt/xmmlBoreholegt
Yes - schema mapping is required to generate GML
that accords to the community model
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eXploration Mining Markup Language

• A GML Application Language

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XMML Feature Catalogue

• Borehole
• Observation (OGC SensorWeb)
• Gravity measurement (GA)
• Geochemistry/Assay result (ADX)
• Geological material (NORTON)
• Geological timescale (IUGS)
• Mineral occurrence (GA, GSC)
• Procedure, Project, Station, Specimen, Tenement,
  Instrument (GGIPAC, etc)
• Point, Curve, Surface, Solid with properties,
  some structural geology elements (Fractal,
  pmdCRC)

• Time-series (ASEG)
• Mine components?
• Finite element model (FLAC, FastFlo)
• Simulation/model state (pmdCRC)
• General coverage, including tensor fields,
  directly from GML

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XMML Borehole model
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XMML Assay Report
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XMML Mineral Occurence
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Design method

• Iterate between XML instances, XML Schema, UML
  model, harmonising with current state of suite of
  schemas
• Adapt existing standard
• e.g. GGIPAC, ASEG
• Private model from dominant data provider
• e.g. Geoscience Australia
• Sponsor requirements
• e.g. Fractal Technologies, CSIRO/pmdCRC, BGS,
  Snowdens/WMC/Newmont
• Consultation with stakeholders
• TWiki

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Project schedule

• Commenced at CSIRO 2000
• Sponsors joined progressively
• MERIWA funded phase concluded June 2003
• Follow-ups through GGIPAC, pmdCRC, AcQuire,
  AusIndustry
• ADX (assay data exchange) to be widely deployed
  in mining industry - 2004
• XMML for Australian surveys and mines depts as
  part of ASDI 2004
• WFS Pilot planned for 2004
• AusIndustry, Minerals Council of Australia
• CSIRO, SCO, GA, PirSA
• Harmonisation meeting Edinburgh 2003-11-19/21
• BGS, GSC, USGS, GA, BRGM, BGM
• XMML vs NADM/NORTON vs ESRI domain model
• Maintenance
• Schema repository?
• CSIRO is not stable enough
• Maintenance agency
• OGC requires volunteers
• IUGS??

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Alternatives

• See also
• ESML, GeoSciML,

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Take-home

• ISO Feature Model is a useful basis for a
  community language
• UML lt-gt XML mapping straightforward
• but requires use of a simple UML profile
• table lt-gt XML mapping not unique
• Community language will require community
  agreement and governance

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Questions?

• http//xmml.arrc.csiro.au

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Subsets

• Different sections through data required for
  different purposes

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Different views of information
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The UML metamodel and XML schema

• UML class diagrams
• classes
• associations
• composition
• aggregation
• attributes composition
• rolename attribute name
• inheritance
• polymorphism/substitutability
• specialisation add attributes/associations
• cardinality
• stereotypes
• ltltDatatypegtgt

• XML Schema
• elements
• content models types
• Complex Types
• sub-elements
• attributes
• sequence, choice
• derivation - types
• extension
• restriction
• substitution groups - elements
• content models must be derivation relationship
• Simple Types
• literal content
• complexType/simpleContent

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GML metamodel

• Feature/Object element
• element name feature-type
• UpperCamelCase
• Prepend _ if abstract
• carries a gmlid
• feature-type fixes content model
• strongly typed
• feature content model must be derived from
  gmlAbstractFeatureType
• standard properties
• substitution group chains
• property element
• element name property name
• lowerCamelCase
• value is simple content or complex content
• by rep value inline
• by ref target of a xlinkhref
• gmlAssociationType provides pattern
• no derivation requirement

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UML lt-gt GML tricks

• Class hierarchy element substitution group
  chain
• XML Schema type derivation relationships must
  support this
• UML multiple inheritance
• use XML Schema model-groups
• multiple substitution-group affiliation coming in
  XML Schema v 1.1?
• XML Schema ltchoicegt
• use ltltUniongtgt for Objects/Features
• use OCL for properties
• XML Schema derivation-by-restriction
• OCL
• If restriction and extension is required
• do restriction first -gt BaseType
• then do extension -gt Type

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Feature types in the geosciences

• Bed, pluton, rock-body
• Contact, fault
• Fold
• Not a discrete object, but may have a name
• Basin
• Objects with fuzzy boundaries
• Specimen
• Geochemistry measurement
• Geophysical measurement, geophysical survey/image
• Drill-hole/borehole/well
• With logs
• Mineral deposit
• Economically significant
• Mine, pit, stope, driveway

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Fault

• Complex set of properties
• Geometry surface in 3-D space, trace on map

• Age
• Displacement field decreases to zero at tip of
  embedded fault

• Surface roughness
• Damage zone, alteration halo

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Drillhole/Borehole/Well

• Observations

• Collar Location (Point Property)

• Shape (Linestring Property)

• Survey