Unifying the Lands of Italy: Why was Italy much easier to unify than Greece

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Unifying the Lands of Italy Why was Italy much
easier to unify than Greece?
Unlike Greece Italy was not broken up into small,
isolated valleys its mountains were less rugged
than the mountains of Greece and Italy had broad
fertile plains that supported a growing
population.
Early peoples settle Italy What peoples did the
Romans share the Italian Peninsula?
The Romans shared the Italian peninsula with the
Etruscans and Greek colonists in a few
city-states.
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What did the Romans learn from the Etruscans?
Romans adapted the Etruscan alphabet, use the
arch in construction, and used other engineering
techniques to drain marshes. Also, the adopted
some Etruscan gods and goddesses and merged them
with Roman dieties.
Roman Republic Why did the Romans establish a
republic?
The Romans expelled the Etruscans in 509 BC and
established a republic, which they thought would
prevent any one individual from gaining too much
power.
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In the beginning, the most powerful governing
body was the Senate. Originally the Senate was
made up of 300 patricians, or members of the
landholding upper class. Each year, two consuls
were nominated to supervise the business of
government and command armies. They were
expected to approve each others decisions. In
the event of war, the senate might choose a
dictator who had complete control over
government. Each Roman dictator was granted
power to rule for six months.
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Why did Romans admire Cincinnatus?
Cincinnatus organized an army, led the Romans to
victory, attended victory celebrations and
returned to his farmland all within 15 days.
Plebians, the farmers merchants, artisans, and
traders made up the bulk of the population.
Eventually, they gained the right to elect their
own officials, called tribunes, to protect their
interests.   The Laws of the Twelve Tables made
it possible for plebians to appeal the judgment
handed down by a patrician judge.
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What social rights did Roman women have?
Roman women ran businesses, they gained the right
to go to public baths, dined out, and attended
the theatre with their husbands.
How did Romans treat the people they conquered?
Roman generally treated its defeated enemies with
justice they were allowed to keep their own
customs, money and local government.
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A Plea for Reform What factors led to the
decline of the Roman Republic and the rise of
the Roman Empire?
According to the quote the gap between the rich
and poor, they fight and die to support others
in wealth and luxury. and the lack of earth
(land) for those (soldiers) who fought for Rome.
Who did Rome fight in the Punic Wars? How many
wars were fought?
Between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C. Rome fought three
wars against Carthage. They were called the
Punic wars Punicus is the Latin word for
Phoenician.
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What was the result of the Punic Wars?
After Rome defeated Carthage in the Third Punic
War, Romans were the masters of the Western
Mediterranean.
Romans were committed to a policy of
_____________. Define this term.
Romans were committee to a policy of imperialism
which meads control over foreign lands and
peoples.
Widespread use of slave labor hurt small farmers
who were unable to produce food as cheaply as the
latifundia could.
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How did Julius Caesar become the dictator?
Julius Caesar and Pompey were rival Generals in
the Roman Legion. When Caesar conquered Gaul (now
France), Pompey (jealous) convinced the Senate to
order Caesar to disband his army and return to
Rome. Caesar crushed Pompey and his supporters.
The Senate has lost.
Veni, vidi, vici means I came, I saw, I
conquered.
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What happened after Caesar is killed? Who become
the ruling power?
Caesars assassination plunged Rome in to new
civil wars. Octavian, Caesars grandnephew
defeats Marc Antony and the Senate appoints him
dictator for life.
Describe the Pax Romana
The Pax Romana was a 200 year span of Roman
Peace from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius. Roman
rule brought peace, prosperity, unity and order
to the Roman lands.
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What forms of entertainment was used?
At the Circus Maximus they held Chariot races,
and Gladiator contests. Emperors paid for these
with taxes from the empire.
How was entertainment used as a distraction?
What did it hide?
To the emperors, these amusements were a way to
pacify the citys population. It keeps the
people distracted from the social and economic
problems and the gap between the rich and poor.
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Political violence becomes common Those who
rose to power ruled for just a few months or
years until they were overthrown or
assassinated.   Social and economic problems
plague Rome High taxes to support the army and
the bureaucracy placed a heavy burden on business
people and small farmers.   Emperor Diocletian
does something about the problem In 284 ,
emperor Diocletian divided the Empire into two
parts. He kept the Eastern part which was
wealthier and appointed a co-emperor Maximian to
rule the Western province.
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_______________________ makes more changes
Emperor _______________________ makes ____
changes (1) he grants ___________________ to
Christians and (2) he creates a
___________________ at the city of
_______________________ and renames it
_____________________________. It becomes the
____ ______ and the ________________________
becomes the center of power.   These improvements
prove to be temporary the ___________ failed to
stop the ______-_____ decline. _________
__________ combined with _____________ from
outside bring the ____________ down.
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Invaders threaten the Roman Empire. The
___________ migrated from central _____ toward
___________________ Europe. These skilled riders
pushed defeated the ___________________ peoples
such as _________________ and ____________________
. The Roman _______________ could not stop the
invaders. Eventually, The Roman Empire lost
_________________, ________________ and
_________.   By 378, Germanic peoples such as
_________________and ____________________
occupied more and more of the ____________________
_______ Empire.