Role of different Plankton Functional Types for global marine biogeochemistry Corinne Le Qur Univers

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Role of different Plankton Functional Types for
global marine biogeochemistryCorinne Le
QuéréUniversity of East Anglia and British
Antarctic Survey
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energy
water
winds
observed warming trend 1979-2005
Smith and Reynolds 2005 and IPCC 2007
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CO2
2
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biological activity
chemical reactions
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11
33
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ocean
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Alert (Canada)
Mauna Loa observatory (Hawaii)
Palmer (Antarctica)
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Alert (Canada)
atmospheric CO2
time (y)
Palmer (Antarctica)
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Atmospheric Inverse Model
Cmeasured ? Cmodeled Af co

• TM3 atmospheric transport model

Le Quéré, Rödenbeck, Buitenhuis et al., Science
2007
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sea-air CO2 flux anomaly
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sea-air CO2 flux anomaly
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CO2
2
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biological activity
chemical reactions
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33
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ocean
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CO2
2
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biological activity
chemical reactions
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time scale 1 to 1000 years
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time scale 1 day to a few years
ocean
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biological activity
these respond to changes in temperature
these respond to ocean acidification
these are affected by fisheries and habitat
changes. They sustain the higher marine organisms

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10 Plankton Functional Types to model
climate-ecosystem interactions at the global scale
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
phyto-plankton
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
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what they do
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
these bloom
phyto-plankton
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
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what they do
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
these form shells
phyto-plankton
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
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what they do
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
these respond to pH
phyto-plankton
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
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what they do
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
these float
phyto-plankton
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
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what they need
pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
phyto-plankton
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
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pico-autotrophs
N2-fixers
phyto-plankton
calcifiers
DMS-producers
mixed
silicifiers
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what they do
pico-heterotrophs
monera
these control blooms
proto
zoo-plankton
meso
macro
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what they do
pico-heterotrophs
monera
these produce big feacal pellets
proto
zoo-plankton
meso
macro
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what they need
pico-heterotrophs
monera
proto
zoo-plankton
meso
macro
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time scale
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existing models
PISCES-T

• limitation by Fe, P, and Si
• Meso-zooplankton parameterisation based on
  global data compilation

phyto-plankton
mixed
silicifiers
proto
zoo-plankton
meso
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existing models
PlankTOM 5

• limitation by Fe, P, and Si
• Meso-zooplankton parameterisation based on
  global data compilation
• Micro-zooplankton parameterisation based on
  global data compilation (work with Richard
  Rivkin)
• Ballast effect based on Stokes law

phyto-plankton
calcifiers
mixed
silicifiers
proto
zoo-plankton
meso
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existing models
PlankTOM 10

• limitation by Fe, P, and Si
• Meso-zooplankton parameterisation based on
  global data compilation
• Micro-zooplankton parameterisation based on
  global data compilation (work with Richard
  Rivkin)
• Ballast effect based on Stokes law
• N and P separated
• DMS cycle
• variable Fe solubility of dust