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Civil War Overview

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Civil War: Causes. Slavery. States rights vs centralized government ... States in the Civil War. Objectives. North. Restore Union ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Civil War Overview


1
Civil War Overview
  • Lesson 6

2
Civil War Block
  • Lesson 6- Overview
  • Lesson 7- Valley Campaign, Peninsula Campaign,
    Chancellorsville
  • Lesson 8- Vicksburg and Gettysburg
  • Lesson 9- Grant and Sherman

3
Civil War Causes
  • Slavery
  • States rights vs centralized government
  • Agrarian vs industrialized way of life
  • Cultural differences

(Doughty, 102)
4
Road to War
  • Nullification Crisis (1832) -- Responding to a
    high cotton tariff, South Carolina declares a
    state can void any act of Congress it feels is
    unconstitutional
  • Mexican War (1846-1848) -- viewed by some as a
    Southern attempt to expand slavery
  • Wilmot Proviso (1846) fails. Would have formally
    renounced any intention to introduce slavery into
    lands seized from Mexico

5
Road to War (cont)
  • Missouri Compromise (1820) -- Maine admitted as a
    free state and Missouri as a slave, but no other
    slave states from the Louisiana Purchase
    territory would be allowed north of Missouris
    southern boundary
  • Compromise of 1850-- California admitted as a
    free state slavery in New Mexico and Utah
    territories to be determined by popular
    sovereignty the prohibition of the slave trade
    prohibited in the District of Columbia a more
    stringent fugitive slave law

6
Road to War (cont)
  • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) -- popular
    sovereignty effectively overturns Missouri
    Compromise
  • Harpers Ferry and John Brown (1859)
  • South Carolina votes to secede (20 Dec 1860)
  • Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia,
    Florida, and Texas follow
  • Lincoln takes office (4 March 1861)
  • Fort Sumter (12 April 1861)
  • Lincoln requests 75,000 three-month volunteers
    (15 April 1862)
  • Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee
    secede

7
States in the Civil War
8
Objectives
  • North
  • Restore Union
  • Therefore couldnt completely alienate or destroy
    the South or the Southern people
  • South
  • Hold on to de facto independence
  • Continue the struggle long enough for the North
    to tire of it
  • Similar to American colonists

9
Strategy
  • North
  • Secure border states
  • Still need to go on offensive to win
  • Anaconda Plan
  • Blockade
  • Secure the Mississippi River and cut the South in
    two
  • Wait
  • Capture Richmond
  • Anaconda Plan would take too long
  • In June 1861, Lincoln orders an advance on
    Richmond
  • South
  • Defend at the border
  • Political pressure to defend all territory
  • Maintain legitimacy through territorial integrity
  • Protect slavery
  • Offensive-defensive
  • Allow Northern thrust to develop
  • Determine the main axis
  • Concentrate and counterattack at an advantageous
    time

10
Comparison
  • North
  • 20 million people
  • 110,000 manufacturing establishments
  • 22,000 miles of railroad
  • 75 of nations total wealth
  • 16,000 man Army and 90 ship Navy
  • South
  • 9 million people (5.5 million whites)
  • 18,000 manufacturing establishments
  • 8,500 miles of railroad
  • Wealth lay in land and slaves (non-liquid)
  • No existing military

(Doughty, 107-108)
11
Comparison
  • North
  • Had to project forces across large and hostile
    territory
  • Requirement for offense
  • Had to maintain supply lines
  • Fighting to regain preexisting status quo
  • South
  • Could take advantage of interior lines
  • Could win by only succeeding on the defense
  • Friendly territory and population
  • Fighting for homeland and independence

(Doughty, 108)
12
Homework
  • Read Doughty, p. 129-141, 161-168.
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