GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN SPATE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

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GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN SPATE IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????
??????
4.4
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Groundwater use increasingly important in spate
irrigation areas????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???
?? ????? ???? ??????

• Source of drinking water, locally and regionally
• ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????
• Cultivate high value horticultural crops
• ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????
• Foold water availability
• ???? ???? ??????
• Yet overuse and ingression of saline sea water
  occur
• ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????

3
High value crops Papaya with Banana and Mango in
addition to vegetable ???????? ????? ?????? ???
??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????
Especially close to main river bed shallow water
levels are high. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???
?????? ??????? ????? ????
4
Banana plantation failed because of saline water
intrusion (Zabid area) ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
???? ????? (?? ????)
palms tree starting dry due to groundwater
silinaty (Seiyun area) ????? ???? ????? ????
???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
5
How to optimize recharge from spate flows????
???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????

• Recharge mainly from riverbed far less from
  main channels or fields
• ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??
  ??????? ???????? ???????
• Recharge most effective from gravelly sections of
  the river bed
• ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????
  ?????
• Recharge most effective, if spate flows slow
• ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????
• Recharge from water ponded at bunds (ogmas) and
  weirs
• ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????
• Recharge from base flow
• ??????? ?? ???? ????? (??????)
• Recharge from wadi bed by making recharge wiers
  or dykes
• ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????
  ??????

6
Ainat recharge dam with sittling pool (between
Tarim and qaseem) ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????
Recharge Wier at the wadi bed (Al-sheah
Tarim) ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? (?? ?????
???? ????)
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• StatementBecause groundwater is very valuable,
  need to optimize recharge in spate irrigation
  areas.
• ????
• ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????
  ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???

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What to do to optimize recharge from spate
flows??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
???? ??????

• Keep roughgravel bed intact with floods flow (
  more roughness bed) be careful not to remove too
  much gravel
• ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????
  (????? ????? ?????)- ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????
  
• Consider low weirs/ bed stabilizers to slow down
  the flow
• ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? (??? ????? ???
  ?????) ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????
• Recharge most effective from gravelly and flat
  sections of the wadi bed
• ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????
  ?????????
• Avoid excessive siltation in main recharge
  section of the wadi bed
• ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??
  ??? ??????

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State of ground water with respect to wadi
channel and flood existing????? ?????? ???????
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????

• Ground water level in wells become deeper as
  well become farther for wadi main channel
• ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????
  ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????
• Ground water level in wells become shallower as
  it more floods are exit in wadi main channel
• ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????
  ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????

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