Pesticide Exposure and Health Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 56

About This Presentation

Title:

Pesticide Exposure and Health Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

Description:

Pesticide Exposure and Health Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:104

Avg rating:3.0/5.0

Slides: 57

Provided by: jfs6

Category:

more less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Pesticide Exposure and Health Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

1
Pesticide Exposure and Health Top Ten Reasons to
Use PPE

Julia F. Storm, MSPH
Dept. of Environmental Molecular Toxicology
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
NC State University

2
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE
3
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

4
Risk of Harmful Health Effects Toxicity x
Exposure

Toxicity
The measure of the abilityof a substance to
causeharmful effects.
Exposure The total amount of substance that gets
in or on an organism route, frequency, and
duration of exposure are important.

5
Relative Potential Pesticide Exposure

HIGH
Applicators (backpack sprayers, airblast)
Mixers/Loaders
Flaggers
Fumigators (confined spaces)
Animal dippers
MEDIUM
Applicators (open groundrig)
Fumigators (greenhouse, field, orchard, vineyard)
LOW
Mixer/loader (closed systems)
Applicators (aerial, closed cab groundrig)
Fieldworkers

6
Relative Toxicity, rat LD50, mg/kg
Caution Caution Warning
Danger-Poison

Sugar (sucrose)
Alcohol
Glyphosate (Roundup)
Salt (sodium chloride)
Malathion
Aspirin
Metalaxyl (Ridomil)
Ammonia
Arsenic (arsenic acid)
Nicotine
Aldicarb (Temik)
Dioxin (TCDD)
Botulinum toxin

29700
14000
5600
3000
1375
1000
633
350
48
1
0.93
0.001
0.00001

7
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

8
The Dose Makes the Poison
All substances are poisons,the right dose
differentiatesa poison from a remedy. Paracelsu
s (1493 - 1541)
9
Relative Toxicity, rat LD50, mg/kg
Caution Caution Warning
Danger-Poison

Sugar (sucrose)
Alcohol
Glyphosate (Roundup)
Salt (sodium chloride)
Malathion
Aspirin
Metalaxyl (Ridomil)
Ammonia
Arsenic (arsenic acid)
Nicotine
Aldicarb (Temik)
Dioxin (TCDD)
Botulinum toxin

29700
14000
5600
3000
1375
1000
633
350
48
1
0.93
0.001
0.00001

10
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

8. Just because you can hold your liquor
doesnt mean your liver loves you.
9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

11
As Dose Increases, Response Worsens
RESPONSE
Alcohol DOSE
12
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

7. Shirts and skins are fine for basketball or
soccer, but not for pesticide application.
8. Just because you can hold your liquor
doesnt mean your liver loves you.
9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

13
Exposure Routes
O R A L
D E R M A L
14
Means of Exposure to Pesticides

Oral
Unwashed Hands
eating
smoking
Unwashed Foods
Inhalation
Dusts
Vapors

Dermal (Skin eyes)
Spills and splashes
Open cuts
Inadequate protective clothing
Unwashed clothing
Unwashed hands

15
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

6. Parts may be parts, but skin is not skin.
7. Shirts and skins are fine for basketball or
soccer, but not for pesticide application.
8. Just because you can hold your liquor
doesnt mean your liver loves you.
9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

16
Chemical Absorption by Human Skin
Foot arch 1 Palm 6 X Forearm 8 X Back 12
X Scalp 25 X
Armpit 26 X Forehead 43 X Jaw 93
X Scrotum 300X
17
Surface Area Exposed in a Casually Dressed
Individual

UnclothedSurface
Face
Hands
Forearms
Back of Neck
Front of Neck Vof Chest

Surface PercentArea (sq ft) of Total
0.70 22.0
0.87 27.6
1.30 41.3
0.12 3.8
0.16 5.1

18
Exposure to Hands Without Gloves
19
Exposure to Hands With Gloves
20
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

5. Youll live to watch the next Super Bowl or
World Cup.
6. Parts may be parts, but skin is not skin.
7. Shirts and skins are fine for basketball or
soccer, but not for pesticide application.
8. Just because you can hold your liquor
doesnt mean your liver loves you.
9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

21
Acute Effects

Adverse effects that may appear immediately after
exposure to a pesticide (usually within 24 hours)

22
Poisoning Cases

37 year old farmer
Spilled endosulfan on hands while mixing about
noon
Experienced nausea and vomiting at 330 pm
Kept working till 430 pm
Found unresponsive at 6 pm
Pronounced dead at hospital 2 hrs later
43 year old farmer
Mixed (no PPE or hand-washing) applied
endosulfan with boom sprayer
Developed seizures and overturned tractor, but no
traumatic injury found
Never regained full consciousness
5 years later still impaired neurologically

23
Poisoning cases

20 yr old Mexican male
Emptying 14 bags of aldicarb burning bags
No protective equipment
2 hours later found crushed by tractor
Test results
No drugs low cholinesterase activity
Blood, tissue levels of aldicarb 3x gt cholinergic
symptoms (body burden18.2mg)
Contaminated clothing
Conclusion physical incapacitation led to
tractor roll-over

24
Incidence of Pesticide IllnessTop 20 Pesticides
ImplicatedCalifornia, 1998-2000

Not determined
Adjuvant
Sulfur
Metam-sodium
Chlorpyrifos
Sodium hypochlorite
Petroleum oil
Glyphosate
Methomyl

25
Incidence of Pesticide IllnessTop 20 Pesticides
ImplicatedCalifornia, 1998-2000

Carbofuran
Diazinon
Myclobutanil
Naled
Copper hydroxide
Iprodione
Spinosad
Oxydemeton-methyl
Methyl bromide
Esfenvalerate
Mancozeb

26
Acute Poisoning Cases Top 10 CropsCalifornia,
1997-2000

Grapes
Soil
Oranges
Cotton
Packing/processing
Almonds
Alfalfa
Ornamentals
Lettuce
Tomatoes
Broccoli
Strawberries
Subtotal
All other crops/sites
Unknown
Total

331
222
124
116
99
98
58
54
44
40
38
32
1283
488
128
1899

27
Pesticide Illness Circumstances California

1998-2000
51 due to drift
55 involved violations
25 dermal contact with residues
43 involved violations
Conclusion apparent compliance failed to protect
workers
1997-2001
572 pesticide-related field observations
33 had 1 or more violations
Common violations
PPE (88 employer failure to provide, 12 worker
failure to use)
Inadequate or no washing/decontamination
facilities
Fieldworker access to pesticide information

28
Hospitalized Pesticide Poisoningin North
Carolina, 1990-1993

61 Insecticides (OP, pyrethrins)
all groups
19 Rodenticides
adult intentional
childhood
10 Fungicides Herbicides
occupational

29
Incidence of Pesticide Poisoning

Occupational OP Incidents Reported
Poison Control Centers 1993-1996
3205 exposures
336 significant illnesses (23 of all pesticides)
18 life-threatening
38 of all pesticides
highest of 18 types of pesticides (2x average)
1468 treated

30
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

4. Just because you have 2 legs, not 6, doesnt
mean an insecticide cant kill you.
5. Youll live to watch the next Super Bowl or
World Cup.
6. Parts may be parts, but skin is not skin.
7. Shirts and skins are fine for basketball or
soccer, but not for pesticide application.
8. Just because you can hold your liquor
doesnt mean your liver loves you.
9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

31
Organophosphate (OPs) Carbamate Insecticides

OPs
acephate, Orthene
disulfoton, Di-Syston
chlorpyrifos, Lorsban
fonofos, Dyfonate
malathion, Malathion
diazinon, Spectracide

Carbamates carbaryl, Sevin aldicarb,
Temik oxamyl, Vydate L carbofuran,
Furadan methomyl, Lannate
32
Common Symptomsof OP Carbamate Exposure

excessive tears
excessive sweating
excessive salivation
pinpoint pupils (eyes)

dizziness
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
excessive urination

33
Organophosphates

Mode of Action
Irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
(AchE)
Treatment
Atropine
2-PAM
Supportive therapy

34
Carbamates

Mode of Action
Reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
(AchE)
Treatment
Atropine
Supportive therapy

35
Monitoring OP/Carbamate Exposure

Blood cholinesterase analysis
Baseline determination is important
Depression of 25 or moreis indicative of
serious overexposure

36
Conditions Confused With Pesticide Poisoning

Heat stressfatigue, dizziness, severe thirst,
heavy sweating, altered behavior, headache,
nausea, chills
Green tobacco sicknessstomach cramps, nausea,
vomiting, difficulty breathing, dizziness

37
Emergency Response

Remove the personfrom exposure
Follow label first aid instructions orcall
Poison Control1-800-222-1222
Call 911 or takevictim to ER or MD
Give EMTs label, MSDS exposure information

38
Skin Conditions Associatedwith Pesticide Exposure

Irritation
Allergy

39
Pesticides Associatedwith Allergic Reactions

lindane, Drexol, Lindane
esfenvalerate, Asana XL
permethrin, Pounce, Ambush
rotenone, various
maneb, Maneb
dazomet, Basamid
benomyl, Benlate
captan, various
dichloropropene, Telone II

40
Importance of Allergic Reactions

Permanent
Worsen with recurrent exposures
Can be fatal
Allergy to similar substances

41
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

3. Because somebody loves you and wants you to be
healthy and be around a long time.
4. Just because you have 2 legs, not 6, doesnt
mean an insecticide cant kill you.
5. Youll live to watch the next Super Bowl or
World Cup.
6. Parts may be parts, but skin is not skin.
7. Shirts and skins are fine for basketball or
soccer, but not for pesticide application.
8. Just because you can hold your liquor
doesnt mean your liver loves you.
9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

42
Delayed Effects

Adverse effects that do not appear immediately
(within 24 hours) after exposure to a pesticide

43
Chronic Health Effects Associated with Certain
Pesticides

Developmental
Nervous System
Immune System

Cancer
Reproductive Effects

44
Evidence of Carcinogenicity of Pesticides from
Animal studies

National Toxicology Program
107 pesticides tested in animals
54 had some carcinogenicity
International Agency for Research on Cancer
26 pesticides with sufficient evidence
8 still registered for use in U.S.
19 pesticides with limited evidence
15 still registered for use in U.S.

45
Summary of Agricultural Health

Health Problems
Higher risk of injury
Risk of lung disease(not lung cancer)
Skin conditions
Higher rates of certain cancers
Other immune, nervous, reproductive system

Health Pluses
Live longer
Lower heart disease death rate
Lower death rate due to some cancers
Lung
Esophagus
Bladder
Colon

46
Agricultural Health Study First 12 years

Associated with Chemicals
Pesticides, solvents, diesel tractors
Fungicides
Methyl bromide
Alachlor
Pesticide use

Symptom or Disease
Wheeze(lung symptom)
Retinal degeneration (vision problem)
Prostate cancer
Multiple myeloma and leukemia (immune system
cancers)
Abnormal menstrual cycles(female reproductive
health)

47
Risk

Toxicity
Nature of the chemical (dose/response)
Interaction with other chemicals

Exposure
Dose
Route
Duration
Frequency

48
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

2. The label says so, and its the law.
3. Because somebody loves you and wants you to be
healthy and be around a long time.
4. Just because you have 2 legs, not 6, doesnt
mean an insecticide cant kill you.
5. Youll live to watch the next Super Bowl or
World Cup.
6. Parts may be parts, but skin is not skin.
7. Shirts and skins are fine for basketball or
soccer, but not for pesticide application.
8. Just because you can hold your liquor
doesnt mean your liver loves you.
9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

49
To Minimize Pesticide Exposure

Know the chemical and associated hazards
Read and follow the label instructions

50
Top Ten Reasons to Use PPE

1. Because it just makes common sense.
2. The label says so, and its the law.
3. Because somebody loves you and wants you to be
healthy and be around a long time.
4. Just because you have 2 legs, not 6, doesnt
mean an insecticide cant kill you.
5. Youll live to watch the next Super Bowl or
World Cup.
6. Parts may be parts, but skin is not skin.
7. Shirts and skins are fine for basketball or
soccer, but not for pesticide application.
8. Just because you can hold your liquor
doesnt mean your liver loves you.
9. If you can remember anything about the
sixties, you werent really there.
10. Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy
to get into, but hard to get out of.

51
To Minimize Pesticide Exposure

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Mix and load pesticides in a spill containment
area

52
To Minimize Pesticide Exposure

Use integrated pest management (IPM) techniques
to minimize pesticide use

53
To Minimize Pesticide Exposure

Use techniques that minimizesurface and ground
water contaminationand drift
Recycle pesticide containers

54
To Minimize Pesticide Exposure

Comply with intervals for re-entry harvest
Wash hands before eating, smoking,and using the
bathroom

55
To Minimize Exposure to Others

Wash pesticide contaminated clothing separately
Store mix pesticides in original containers
labeled mixing equipment -- never in food
containers
Lock pesticides away from children

56
For More Information Contact