Division%20Deuteromycota

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• ??? ???????? ???????
• Division Deuteromycota
• (Fungi Imperfectii)
• - ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????
  ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?
  ???? ???? ????????? ??????? (Fungi Imperfectii)
  ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?? ????
  ????? ?????????? .(Conidia) ???? ??? ??? ???
  ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????
  ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????
  ??????? Mycelia sterilia.
• - ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???
  ??????? ????? ?????.
• - ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????
  ????????
• ??????(Saprophytes) ????????? (Parasites) ???
  ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????
  ????????? (Symbiotics).
• - ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???
  ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???
  ? ??? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ????
  ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????. ????
  ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? (??? ?????? ??? ?????
  ??? ??? ---???)

2
??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????
?? ???????? ???????
3

• ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????
  17000 ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? 1500 ??? ? ??????
  ???? ??? ??????? ??
• I- Form Subclass Blastomycetida
• II- Form Subclass Coelomycetida
• III- Form Subclass Hyphomycetida
• ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????
  ????????
• II- ??? ???????? ????????????? Form Subclass
  Coelomycetida
• - ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????
  ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???
  ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? Pycnia
  (???? Pycnium) ?? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????
  Acervuli ( ???? Acervulus ) ???? ???? ???? ???
  ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????
  ???
• A) ??? ???? ????????????? - Form-order
  Sphaeropsidales
• B) ??? ???? ????????????? - Form-order
  Melanconiales

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• (A) ??? ???? ????????????? Form-order
  Sphaeropsidales
• - ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???
  ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????
  ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????
  ???? ?? Ostiole ???? ???? ???? ??????????.
• ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??
  Sphaeropsidales

?- Septoria apii ?- Dendrophoma obscurans ?-
Phomopsis vexans ?- Phyllosticta solitaria ?-
Dilophospora alopercuri ?- Aschersonia
tahitensis ?- Diplodia zeae ?- Chaetomelia
arta Hendersonia sp -?
5

• ??? ????? 600 ??? ????? ?? ????? 4 ????? ????? ?
  ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ????????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?
  ??
• 1- ??? ??????? ????????????? Form-Family
  Sphaeropsidaceae
• ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????
  ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????.
• 2- ??? ??????? ????????????? Form-Family
  Nectriodaceae
• ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????
  ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????
  ?????
• ???????.
• 3- ??? ??????? ???????????????? Form-Family
  Leptostromataceae
• ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??
  ?????? ?? ??????.
• 4- ??? ??????? ??????????? Form-Family
  Excipulaceae
• ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???
  ??? ???.
• ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????????
  Form-Family Sphaeropsidaceae

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• ??? ??????? ????????????? Form-Family
  Sphaeropsidaceae
• ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??
  500 ??? ?????
• - ??? ??? Phoma ???? ??? Macrophoma
  ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??
  200 ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????
  ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???
  ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? Phoma ???? ????.
• - ??? ??? Dendrophoma ????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ? ??????.
• - ??? ??? Septoria ?????? ???????? ?????
  1000 ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? Phoma ???
  ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???
  ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????.
• - ??? ??? Phomopsis ????? ???? ???? ?????
  ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????
  ?????? ??? ????? Phoma ?????? ?????? ???????
  ????? ??????.

????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????
??????? ?? ???? ?? Sphaeropsidales ?- Phoma ?-
Macrophoma ?- Dendrophoma ?- Septoria ?- Phomopsis
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• (B) ??? ???? ????????????? Form-order
  Melanconiales
• - ??? ????? 100 ??? ? 1000 ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????
  ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? Form-Family
  Melanoconiaceae
• ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????
  ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? Anthraconoses ??????
  ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????
  ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????
  ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????Pseudopycnium
  ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? Acervulus. ???
  ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???
• - ??? ??? Gloeosporium ??????? ???????? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ?
  ?????? ??????.
• - ??? ??? Colletotrichum ??? ?? ????? ????? ??
  ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????
  ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? Acervulus .

Gloeosporium
Colletotrichum
?????? ??????? Acervuli
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• III- ??? ???????? ????????????? Form Subclass
  Hyphomycetida
• ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????
  ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??? ???
  ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ? ???
  ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???
• 1- ??? ???? ?????????? Form-order Moniliales
• 2- ??? ???? ???????????? Form-order
  Agonomycetales
• ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????
  ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????
  ????? 7000 ??? ????? ?? ????? 660 ??? ??? ??? ???
  ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?
  ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????.

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• ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????
  ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? Aspergillus ???????????
  Penicillium ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??
  ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???. ???????
  ??? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????
• Aspergillus niger
• Aspergillus flavus
• Penicillium roqueforti
• Penicillium notatum
• ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????
  ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????
  ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????.
• ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
  ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??
  ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????
  ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?
  ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? (Coremia)
  ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
  ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????.

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• ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
  ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??
  ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????
  ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?
  ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? (Coremia)
  ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
  ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ????
  ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????
  ???????? ? ??
• 1- ??? ??????? ????????? Form-Family
  Moniliaceae
• 2- ??? ??????? ????????? Form-Family
  Dematiaceae
• 3- ??? ??????? ??????????????? Form-Family
  Tuberculariaceae
• 4- ??? ??????? ???????????Form-Family
  Stilbellaceae

???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????
??????????Moniliales
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• 1- ??? ??????? ????????? Form-Family Moniliaceae
  
• ?? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ???????
  ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????
  ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????.
• ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???
  ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????
  ??????? ??? ???
• A- - ??? ??? Aspergillus
• B - ??? ??? -Penicillium
• ? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????
  ??????? ??????? ???????
• C- - ??? ??? Monolia
• D- - ??? ??? Botrytis

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• ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????
  ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???
  ???? ??? ??????? ??? Botrytis fabae ???? ????
  ?????? ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????
  ???? ??????? ?????.
• ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????
  Sclerotia ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???
  ????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
• ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??
  ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ? ????
  ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????
  ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???
  ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??
  ??????? ???????? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ?? ???????.

???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? Botrytis fabae
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• E- ??? ??? Verticillium
• ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?
  ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????
  ? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????.
• ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?
  ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????
  ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???
  ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???
  ?????? ?????? ????? ????? Microsclerotia ?????
  ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????.Chlamidiospores

??? ??? Verticillium
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• 2 - ??? ??????? ????????? Form-Family
  Dematiaceae
• ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 206 ??? ??? ??? ???? ??
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??
  ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???
  ??????? ???
• A- ??? ??? ????????? Alternaria
• ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????
  ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????
  ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????
  ??????? ??????? Early Blight to Tomato and
  Potatoes ?????? ????? ??????? A. solani ??????
  ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????
  ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ?? ?????
  ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
  ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?
  ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????
  ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????.
  ???????? ? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????
  ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????
  ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????
  ????????.

?- ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????
??????? ???? ??? Alternaria ?- ??? ?? ??? ???????
???? ?? ??? ?????
???????? ??? Alternaria
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• -B??? ??? ?????????? Cercospora
• ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????????
  ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?
  ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????.

??? Cercospora
- ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????
????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?- ???? ?????? ????
???? ?? ???? ??????????
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• C - ??? ??? ????????????? Helminthosporium
• ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
  ?????? ??? ??? ??????
• Helminthosporium graminium ???? ???? ??? ???????
  ?????? ??????
• Stripe disease of barely ?? ??? ??????? ??????
  Deaf ear disease ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???
  ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
• ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????
  ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?
  ?????? ???? ????? ??????? . ??? ?? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???
  Pyrenophora gramina ??? ???? ???????? ??????
  ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???
  ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ????? ?????
  ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????
  ??????? ??? ??? H. graminium ???? ???? ?????
  ???????? ????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??.

???? ?????????? ? Helminthosporium graminium
?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????
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• D - ??? ??? ???????????? Cladosporium
• ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??
  ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???
  ????? ??? ???????? ??????? .
• ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? C.
  herbarum
• ????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ????????
  ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???
  ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??
  ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ? ???? ?? ???????
  ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????
  ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????
  ????? ???????????.

Cladosporium volvum ???? ??????? ????????? ????
????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????
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• ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???
  ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????
  ??????? ??? ???? Curvularia ?Drechslera ????
  ????? ????? ?? ??? Helminthosporium ???????
  ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????.

Helminthosporium velutinum
Drechslera sp
Curvularia lunata
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• 3- ??? ??????? ??????????????? Form-Family
  Tuberculariaceae
• ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????
  ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? Sporodochia
  ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????
  ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????
  ?????????? ((SterigmaPhialides ???? ?? ????
  ???????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
  ??????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? 160 ??? ???
  ????? ??? ????? ????????? Fusarium ??? ?? ???
  ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ????????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ???? ?????? ?????.
• ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??
  ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????
  ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??.
• ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????
  Wilt diseases ??? ??? ???? ????? ????????????
  Fusarium wilt of cotton ???? ????? ??? ?????
• F. vasinfectum ?? F. oxysporum ???? ??????
  ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????
  Fusarium lycopersici.
• ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? Fusaric acid
  ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.

20

• ????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??
  ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????
• - ?????? ??????? ????? Microconidia ??? ????
  ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???
  ???? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????
  ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????.
• - ?????? ??????? ????? Macroconidia ??? ?????? ??
  ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??
  ???? ????? ?????.
• - ?????? ???????? Chlamydospores ?????? ?? ????
  ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????
  ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????.

?- ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????
??????? ?- ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????
???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?- ??? ?? ??? ????
???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?- ??? ???? ????
???????? ????????? ??????? Microconidia
Fusarium udum
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• 2- ??? ???? ???????????? Form-order
  Agonomycetales
• ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
  ???????Mycelia sterilia ???? ????? 30 ??? ??? ?
  400 ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??
  ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ???????
  ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????
  ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???
  ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???
• 1- ??? ??? ?????????? Sclerotium
• ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?
  ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? --???
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????
  ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????
  ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????
  ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? 10 ?????.

????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? Sclerotium sp.
22

• 2- ??? ??? ??????????? Rhizoctinia
• ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????
  ????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? Rhizoctinia ????
  ???? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???
  Rhizoctonia solani ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??
  ???????Black scruf of potatose ??? ??? ???? ????
  ??????? ? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ????? ?? ??????? ???????.

???? ??? Rhizoctonia solani