Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems

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Chapter 6 Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems

• Notes Can Also Be Found at
• www.manskopf.com

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Chapter 6 Notes Goal

• Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are
• Explain how biomes are characterized.
• Describe how net primary productivity varies
  among biomes.
• Give an introduction to your Biome Project
• Give an example of your Biome Project

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What are the differences?Climate, Biology,
Limiting Factors, Adaptations?
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Things Change?

• Fossil evidence suggests that the frozen
  continent of Antarctica was once covered in
  temperate forest.

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Earths Biomes

• Groups of terrestrial ecosystems that share
  biotic and abiotic conditions
• 10 primary biomes
• tropical rain forest
• dry forest savanna
• desert
• temperate rain forest
• temperate forest
• temperate grassland
• chaparral
• boreal forest
• tundra

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La Mesa, CA
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Philadelphia
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• Climate Average conditions, including
  temperature and precipitation, over long periods
  of time in a given area
• Weather Day-to-day conditions in Earths
  atmosphere
• Climatographs Diagrams that summarize an areas
  average monthly temperature and precipitation
• Each biome has a set of characteristic organisms
  adapted to its particular climate conditions.

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Across the U.S.
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Productivity

• Net primary production The amount of organic
  matter (biomass) that remains after primary
  producers use some to carry out cellular
  respiration
• Ecosystems vary in their net primary
  productivity, the rate at which primary
  producers convert energy to biomass.
• Warm, wet biomes generally have higher net
  primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.

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Earths productivity On land forests are highly
productive in dark green, deserts least in brown.
At sea, red indicates high productivity and deep
oceans dark blue.
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Aquatic Ecosystems (Wet Biomes)

• 75 of Earths surface is covered by water.

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• Salinity the amount of dissolved salt present in
  water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water,
  fresh water, or brackish depending on salinity.
• Photosynthesis tends to be limited by light
  availability, which is a function of depth and
  water clarity.
• Aquatic ecosystems are either flowing or
  standing.
• Aquatic ecosystem zones photic, aphotic, benthic

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Aquatic Ecosystem Limiting Factors

• Limiting factors may include
• Salinity
• Ph
• Sunlight
• Dissolved oxygen
• Temperature

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Freshwater Ecosystems Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas

• Salinity is less than 0.5 ppt (parts per thousand)

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Freshwater Ecosystems Wetlands

• Areas of land flooded with water at least part of
  the year
• Include freshwater marshes, swamps, bogs, and
  fens

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Freshwater Ecosystems Rivers and Streams

• Bodies of surface water that flow downhill,
  eventually reaching an ocean or inland sea

Delaware Water Gap
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Estuaries

• Occur where a river flows into the ocean or an
  inland sea
• Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems
  organisms must tolerate wide salinity and
  temperature ranges.
• Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and
  mangrove forests.

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Oceans

• Intertidal Areas
• Neritic Zones
• Open Ocean

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Chapter 6 Review

• Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are
• Explain how biomes are characterized.
• Describe how net primary productivity varies
  among biomes.
• Give an introduction to your Biome Project
• Give an example of your Biome Project

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Biome Project Online

• http//www.manskopf.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/do
  cs/BiomesProject.230105729.doc

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Biome Project PowerPoint Example

• Temperate Rain Forest
• JUST AN EXAMPLE 2-5 minutes
• Remember 60 for information
• Also found at www.manskopf.com

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Temperate Rain Forest

• For Mr. Manskopf
• Environmental Science Class
• By Mr. Manskopf
• November 2011

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Temperate RainforestWhere on Earth?

• Small Biomes in Area
• Small Pockets Around World

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Temperate Rain Forests Locations

• Mid-Latitudes
• Usually near coastline
• Largest found in Pacific Northwest of U.S. and
  British Columbia in Canada

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Climate of the Temperate Rain Forest

• WET, Year Round Rain
• Moderate Temperatures

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Why is it wet year round?
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Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest

• TREES
• Cedars, Spruce, Hemlock, Douglas Fir
• Grow Tall/Fast
• Evergreens
• Coniferous Trees (seed-bearing cones)
• Compete for sunlight
• Commercially important

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Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest

• Damp conditions perfect for moss
• Slugs
• Numerous amphibian creatures
• Squirrels
• Deer
• Elk

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Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest

• Limiting Factors
• Sunlight
• Too much precipitation (Precipitation in
  Olympic's rain forest ranges from 140 to 167
  inches (12 to 14 feet) every year.)

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Threats

• Timber/Logging

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Example Hoh Rain Forest

• http//www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperate-ra
  in-forests.htm

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Temperate Rain ForestCites

• http//www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperate-ra
  in-forests.htm
• https//biomesfirst09.wikispaces.com/TemperateRai
  nforestHome
• http//www.marietta.edu/biol/biomes/temprain.htm