Title: Integrated nutrient management in mango
1Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Introduction
Micronutrients are equally important as macro
nutrients for proper growth of mango tree.
The requirement of micronutrients are only traces
which is partly met from the soils or through
chemical fertilizers or through some other
sources.
Mango trees suffer widely by the deficiency of
micronutrients. If these are corrected at proper
time, it definitely boosts up the economic yield
of the tree.
2Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Hence, it is important to have proper
knowledge to identifying deficiency/toxicity
symptoms of these micronutrients for timely
correction.
3Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Role of copper
- It is a component of plaxtocyanin which plays a
role in protein and carbohydrates synthesis. - Cu is essential in several plant enzyme systems
involved in photosynthesis. - Cu is part of the chloroplast protein
plastocyanin, which forms part of the electron
transport chain. - Cu may have a role in the synthesis and/or
stability of chlorophyll and other plant
pigments.
4Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Role of iron
- Constituent of cytochrome for respiration. It
brings about chlorophyll formation and electron
transport. - Fe is essential in the heme enzyme system in
plant metabolism (photosynthesis and
respiration). The enzymes involved include
catalase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase, and
other cytochromes. - Fe is part of protein ferredoxin and is required
in nitrate and sulfate reductions. - Fe is essential in the synthesis and maintenance
of chlorophyll in plants and strongly associated
with protein metabolism.
5Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Role of Manganese
- Activator of enzymes in photosynthesis. Essential
for chlorophyll formation. - Mn is involved in the oxidation-reduction process
in photosynthesis.
Role of Zinc
- Activator of enzymes in respiration. It has role
in protein synthesis. Essential for auxin
synthesis. - Zn is required in the synthesis of tryptophan,
which in turn is necessary for the formation of
indole acetic acid in plants.
6Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Role of boron
- It helps in cell division and cell
differentiation.
Role of Molybdenum
- Activator of enzymes in respiration. It has role
in protein synthesis. Essential for auxin
synthesis. - Zn is required in the synthesis of tryptophan,
which in turn is necessary for the formation of
indole acetic acid in plants.
7Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of copper
- Copper deficiency are seen frequently in young
plants getting large amounts of N, or in the
young shoots of adult plants. - Copper deficiency in mango orchards caused long,
tender and Sshaped branches and leaves with
downward curls, both on the lamina and the
central vein. - On the branches, Cu deficiency causes boil-like
eruptions on the bark that, at times, weeps sap. - Progressive terminal branch death may occur under
where new shoots were curved or S-shaped in the
previous year
8Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of iron
- Iron deficiency is manifested by typical
chlorosis in new leaves, which have a mesh of
green veins contrasting with the yellow of the
lamina. - Severely affected leaves may be pale yellow, with
little or no green in the veins. - Young leaves are always affected first.
- In situations of acute deficiency branches and
twigs may die.
9Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Causes of iron deficiency
- Iron deficiency is associated with soils derived
from calcareous material or acidic soils with
very high levels of manganese (Mn). - Sometimes excessive amounts of Mn in poorly
drained soils can induce Fe deficiency in plants.
- Associated with an excess of Mn applying large
amounts of P fertilizer may also induce Fe
deficiency in mango.
10Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of boron
- Boron deficiency first occur in the youngest
parts of the plant, while its toxicity is seen at
the extremities of the oldest leaves. - Boron deficiency causes death of the apical bud,
which results in an excessive number of lateral
buds that develop tuft-shaped secondary branches.
11Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of boron
- The floral panicles are smaller and have fewer
hermaphroditic flowers. - Boron deficiency caused physiological disorder
known as internal necrosis and symptoms starts
from browning of seed and measocarp tissues.
Internal necrosis
12Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of manganese
- Manganese deficiency causes reduced growth,
similar to deficiencies of P and Mg. - New leaves have a yellowish green lamina, with a
noticeable green mesh between the veins, which
are thicker than those associated with Fe
deficiency. - The first symptoms appear on new leaves, which
have a yellowish green background.
13Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of manganese
- In severe deficiency, the new leaves become
chlorotic, with necrosis along the extremities of
the lamina. - Due to manganese deficiency mottling of leaves
followed by complete yellowing with dark brown
pin head like spot scattered all over the
laminae. - Liming and the application of large amounts of P
decrease the availability of manganese in the
soil.
14Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of Zinc
- Zinc deficiency markedly reduced the leaf size
and inhibited plant growth appreciably. - Zinc deficiency found to be the cause of severe
malformation in mature mango trees.
15Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Let Us Sum Up
Micronutrients are nutrients required by plants
throughout life in small quantities to
orchestrate a whole range of physiological
functions.
Mango trees suffer widely by the deficiency of
micronutrients. If these are corrected at proper
time, it definitely boosts up the economic yield
of the tree.
On the branches, Cu deficiency causes boil-like
eruptions on the bark that, at times, weeps sap,
however, boron deficiency caused physiological
disorder known as internal necrosis and symptoms
starts from browning of seed and measocarp
tissues.
Therefore, it is important to have knowledge of
symptoms of micronutrients.