Efficient%20Resource%20Utilization%20in%20SRI%20Method%20of%20Rice%20(CORH3)%20Cultivation%20

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Efficient Resource Utilization in SRI Method of
Rice (CORH3) Cultivation An Analysis
Subbalakshmi Lokanadhan Professor
(Agronomy) Department of Rice Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University Coimbatore 641 003.
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MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SRI / STANDARD METHOD
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Standard Methods SRI
Type of Nursery Wet nursery Modified mat nursery
Seed rate (kg ha-1) 20 5
Seedling age for transplanting (days) 21 8
Seedlings hill-1 2 1
Spacing (cm) 20 x 10 25 x 25
Weed management Hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAT Rotary/ cono -weeder 3x to uproot/incorporate weeds
Water management Cyclic submergence of water up to 2.5cm height through out the cropping period Irrigation on appearance of hairline cracks up to PI 1-2 cm after PI to 15 days before harvest
Nutrient management Recommended fertilizer dose of NPK (1506060 Kg ha-1) Azolla (750 Kg ha-1 ) Compost (2.5 tha-1) 50 recommended dose of N, P and K. Application of N based on LCC value
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CORH 3 Salient Features
Particulars CORH 3
Parentage TNAU CMS 2A / CB 87 R
Duration (days) 115
1000grain weight (g) 22
Grain type Medium slender white fine rice
Morphological characters Morphological characters
Habit Semi-dwarf
Leaf sheath Green
Panicle Long, compact, drooping
Rice colour White
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GROWTH PARAMETERS GROWTH PARAMETERS Tillering P.I. Flowering Maturity
Plant Height (cm) Plant Height (cm) Plant Height (cm) Plant Height (cm) Plant Height (cm) Plant Height (cm)
SRI 58 58 69 77 78
Standard 44 44 66 81 83
C.D.(0.05) 5.08 5.08 NS 2.76 2.10
Tillers/hill (No.) Tillers/hill (No.) Tillers/hill (No.) Tillers/hill (No.) Tillers/hill (No.) Tillers/hill (No.)
Standard 9 9 8 8 7
SRI 15 15 23 26 25
C.D.(0.05) 1 1 2 2 1
Tillers/m2 (No.) Tillers/m2 (No.) Tillers/m2 (No.) Tillers/m2 (No.) Tillers/m2 (No.) Tillers/m2 (No.)
Standard 440 440 400 394 394
SRI 238 238 364 402 402
C.D.(0.05) 20 20 37 NS NS
Dry Matter Production (t/ha) Dry Matter Production (t/ha) Dry Matter Production (t/ha) Dry Matter Production (t/ha) Dry Matter Production (t/ha) Dry Matter Production (t/ha)
Standard 3.54 3.54 6.65 8.23 9.49
SRI 1.05 1.05 4.53 10.13 11.01
C.D.(0.05) 0.27 0.27 0.63 0.58 0.98
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• SRI system of rice cultivation recorded higher
  values of tillers at tillering (15), PI (23)
  flowering (26) and maturity (25) compared to
  standard method, recording 9 tillers/hill at
  tillering, 8 each at PI and flowering, and 7
  tillers/hill at maturity
• Tillers/m2 was higher in standard method
  recording 440/m2 at tillering, 400/m2 at PI,
  while SRI recorded higher tiller number of 402/m2
  at flowering and maturity
• Plant height was higher in standard method at
  tillering (58cm) and PI (69cm), and higher in SRI
  with 81cm at flowering and 83 cm at maturity
• SRI dry matter production was higher at
  flowering (10.13 t/ha) and maturity (11.0 t/ha)
  compared standard method

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WEED POPULATION AND DRY WEIGHT
Method 20 DAT 20 DAT 40 DAT 40 DAT
Method Weed population/m2 Weed dry weight (kg/ha) Weed population/m2 Weed dry weight (kg/ha)
SRI 14.05 9.48 4.17 6.04
Standard 12.13 7.90 6.58 12.90
C.D. (0.05) 0.71 0.37 0.45 0.75

• SRI recorded 14.05/m2 (20 DAT) and 4.17 no/m2
  (40 DAT) standard method recorded 12.13/m2 and
  6.58/m2 respectively
• At 20 DAT, SRI contributed to higher weed dry
  weight (9.48 kg/ha) at 20 DAT, while it was
  lower (6.04 kg/ha) at 40 DAT.

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ROOT CHARACTERISTICS
Method Tillering P. I. Flowering Maturity
Root length (cm) Root length (cm) Root length (cm) Root length (cm) Root length (cm)
SRI 28.9 31.0 37.8 36.5
Standard 24.1 24.4 22.4 22.0
C.D. (0.05) 1.7 2.5 5.5 5.2
Root volume (cc) Root volume (cc) Root volume (cc) Root volume (cc) Root volume (cc)
SRI 13.3 22.2 33.7 32.5
Standard 10.8 12.3 14.8 12.4
C.D. (0.05) 1.2 2 4.5 3.5
Root biomass (kg/ha) Root biomass (kg/ha) Root biomass (kg/ha) Root biomass (kg/ha) Root biomass (kg/ha)
SRI 679 1110 1212 985
Standard 334 1840 2813 2360
C.D. (0.05) 54 125 324 318
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• SRI recorded higher root length compared to
  standard method at all stages of crop growth
• SRI recorded root volume of 13.3 cc at
  tillering, 22.2 cc at PI, 33.7 cc at flowering,
  and 32.5 cc at maturity
• Higher root biomass was measured of 1840 kg/ha
  at PI, 2813 kg/ha at flowering, and 2360 kg/ha at
  maturity -- compared to standard methods
• At tillering stage, standard methods recorded
  higher root biomass of 679 kg/ha compared to 334
  kg/ha in SRI method

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PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Method Tillering Panicle Initiation Flowering
Leaf Area Index Leaf Area Index Leaf Area Index Leaf Area Index
Standard 4.40 4.78 4.16
SRI 1.82 3.65 4.44
C.D. (0.05) 0.37 0.44 0.56
Net Assimilation Rate (mg cm-2 day-1) Net Assimilation Rate (mg cm-2 day-1) Net Assimilation Rate (mg cm-2 day-1) Net Assimilation Rate (mg cm-2 day-1)
Standard 0.17 0.22 0.03
SRI 0.17 0.26 0.04
C.D. (0.05) NS 0.02 0.008
Crop Growth Rate (g m-2 day-1) Crop Growth Rate (g m-2 day-1) Crop Growth Rate (g m-2 day-1) Crop Growth Rate (g m-2 day-1)
Standard 21.30 27.63 2.65
SRI 21.43 36.95 3.23
C.D. (0.05) NS 4.01 0.51
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• SRI system recorded 1.82 LAI at tillering, 3.65
  LAI at PI, and 4.44 at flowering, while standard
  methods recorded 4.40, 4.78 and 4.16 LAI in the
  respective stages
• SRI recorded higher crop growth rate of 36.95 g
  m-2 day-1 at flowering phase, and 3.23 g m-2
  day-1 at maturity phase
• The net assimilation rate was 0.026 mg cm-2
  day-1 at flowering phase, and 0.04 mg cm-2 day-1
  at maturity phase

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MICROBIAL POPULATION AT FLOWERING STAGE
(no. of CFU g-1)
Method Fungi (x 104) Hetero-trophic bacteria (x 107) Fluorescent pseudo-monades (x 106) Phospho- bacteria (x 106)
Standard 2.1 1.4 1.6 6.3
SRI 4.2 1.4 2.9 6.8

• SRI system of rice cultivation recorded higher
  microbial population of 4.2 x 104 (fungi), 1.4 x
  107 (heterotrophic bacteria), 2.9 x 106
  (fluorescent pseudomonades), and 6.8 x 106
  (phosphobacteria)
• Rice grown with standard methods recorded 2.1 x
  104 (fungi), 1.4 x 107 (heterotrophic bacteria),
  1.6 x 106 (fluorescent pseudomonades), and 6.3 x
  106 (phosphobacteria ) at flowering stage.

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SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Method N (kg/ha) P (kg/ha) P (kg/ha) K (kg/ha)
Initial Soil Sample 209 15.80 15.80 559
Post-harvest Soil Sample Post-harvest Soil Sample Post-harvest Soil Sample Post-harvest Soil Sample Post-harvest Soil Sample
Standard 198 198 17.4 506.50
SRI 206 206 18.58 506.75
C.D. (0.05) 7.25 7.25 0.67 NS
Uptake (post-harvest) Uptake (post-harvest) Uptake (post-harvest) Uptake (post-harvest) Uptake (post-harvest)
Standard 75.9 75.9 21.4 106
SRI 95.5 95.5 24.6 115
C.D. (0.05) 8.2 8.2 2.0 7.5
available nutrients
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YIELD-CONTRIBUTING ATTRIBUTES
Method Pani-cle length (cm) Pani-cle weight (g) Spike-lets / panicle (no.) Filled grains/ panicle (no.) Steri-lity () 1000- grain weight (g)
Stan-dard 21.87 2.54 227 127 22.12 22.12
SRI 23.05 2.88 240 189 22.39 22.39
C.D. (0.05) 0.81 0.30 16 24 NS 0.1
Among the yield parameters, panicle length,
panicle weight, spikelets/panicle, and filled
grains/panicle recorded higher values in SRI
(23.05 cm, 2.88 g, 240, and 189) compared to
21.87cm, 2.54g, 227 and 127 with standard methods
of transplanting.
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YIELD CHARACTERISTICS
Method B.C.Ratio Harvest Index Cost of Cultivation
Standard 2.42 0.40 19,120 Rs.
SRI 2.74 0.42 20,150 Rs.
C.D. (0.05) - 0.08 -
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Efficiency of natural resources by CORH 3 in SRI
method of cultivation
Varieties CORH 3 ADT 43
Crop duration (days) 115 115
Grain yield (kg/ha) 7,250 4,500
Straw yield (kg/ha) 8,590 5,340
Energy use efficiency () 9.68 7.50
Nutrient use efficiency () 50.2 32.6
Water use efficiency (kg/mm/ha) 7.07 4.40
Per day productivity (g) 63 39
Total input energy (MJ/ha) 23,290 23,938
Total output energy (MJ/ha) 225,596 179,658
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Key factors

Young seedling
Square planting
Operation of conoweeder and Churning of the soil
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CONCLUSION

• SRI method of rice cultivation is an efficient
  in natural resource utilization, especially with
  CORH 3

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THANK YOU