Cyclophyllidea

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Cyclophyllidea

• Taenia saginata
• Taenia solium
• Echinococcus granulosus
• Echinococcus multilocularis
• Hymenolepis diminuta
• Hymenolepis nana
• Dipylidium caninum

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Taenia saginata

• Beef tapeworm
• Get infected by eating beef
• 3-5 meters (20 meters)

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Taenia saginata Pathogenesis

• Not very pathogenic
• Worm produces antigens allergic reaction
• Abdominal discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Abdominal Pain
• Dizziness
• Loss of apetite
• Obstruction of intestine if intensity is high

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Taenia saginata Diagnosis and Treatment

• Look for _____________ in feces.
• ELISA
• Praziquantel

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Epidemiology

• How do you get infected?
• How do bovids get infected?

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Taenia solium
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Taenia solium

• Pork tape worm
• Most dangerous cestode?
• Humans are
• Definitive hosts
• Intermediate hosts
• Cosmopolitan
• Mexico
• Central America
• South America
• India
• China
• Asia

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Taenia solium
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Adults in intestine. Gravid proglottids shed in
feces. Proglottid degrades and eggs released
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Adults in intestine. Gravid proglottids shed in
feces. Proglottid degrades and eggs released
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Pathogenesis

• Adults
• Not serious
• Cysticerci
• Cysticercosis
• Establish in many tissues
• Connective tissues
• Brain
• Eye
• Muscles
• Heart
• Liver
• Lungs

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Human muscular cysticercosis
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Human Neurocysticercosis and Ophtalmocysticercosis
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Cysticercosis

• Seriousness depends on
• Location
• Number
• Immune response
• Fibrosis
• Damage to eye
• Brain
• Epilepsy
• Nervous system malfunction
• Blindness
• Paralysis
• Disorientation
• Mechanical Pressure
• Cysticerci begin to degenerate
• Inflammatory response
• Brain
• eye

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Diagnosis

• Look for _____________ in feces.
• ELISA
• MRI
• X-rays

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Eggs

• Eggs with well developed hexacanth and striated
  embryophore 35-40 x 30-32 µm.

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Treatment and Prognosis

• Niclosamide
• Only acts on adults
• Praziquantel
• Can kill cysticerci
• Death elicits immune response
• Brain Seizures
• Is this worse than natural progression?
• Steroids
• Surgery

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Epidemiology

• How does a human get infected with adults?
• How does a human get infected with cysticerci?
• Autoinfection

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Santo Domingo, a rural community in the state of
Yucatan.
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Pigs acquire cysticercosis because.
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Pigs acquire cysticercosis because.
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Pigs acquire cysticercosis because.
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Swine cysticercosis
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Differential Diagnosis

• Taenia solium and Taenia saginata
• Importance?
• 7-13
  15-20

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Statistics

• Epilepsy
• 1.7 Ecuador
• 2.1 Columbia
• 3.7 Nigeria
• 6 times higher than developed nations
• Mexico
• 12 neurological hospital beds

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Economic Cost

• 15 million Mexico for hospital admission
• Pork industry Mexico
• 43 million in meat loss

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Taenia solium

• Emerging Infectious Diseases March 2004

Oregon California
Years 1995-2000 1989-2000
Cases 43 ?
Deaths 6 124
Born in Mexico 72 72.6
from US 18 14
Age at death 33 39.9