Hagia Sophia

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Hagia Sophia

• Mayra G. Garcia
• EME 2040-7804
• History/Architectural Presentation
• Grades 9-12

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Hagia SophiaThe Mother Church

• Hagia Sophia, or Holy Wisdom is the mother
  church of all Eastern Christians. It was first
  erected during the reign of the Roman Emperor
  Constantine, and was consecrated in the year 360
  A.D.
• Although the church has undergone major
  renovations since then, it is still considered to
  be one of the greatest architectural monuments of
  all times. Starting off as a Christian Temple, it
  was then transformed into an Islamic mosque, and
  finally today it stands as a secular museum.

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Within the City of Istanbul

• The Hagia Sophia currently resides in Istanbul,
  Turkey. The point of entry for the majority of
  the tourists coming into Turkey is Istanbul.
• The temple lies along a seaport. Many other
  Early Christian churches surround it although
  none which surpasses it either in size or
  splendor.

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From Christian Temple to Islamic Mosque
Emperor or Sultan in charge of Construction Year of Construction Desired Architectural Design
Emperor Constantius 306-337 basilica-type structure with a rectangular floor plan, circular apse and timbered roof
Emperor Justinian 532-537 ivory and gold icons and ornaments from ancient temples in Ephesus
Emperor Andronieus 1317 walls were reinforced on the exterior by pyramid-shaped buttresses
Sultan Mehmed II 1453 built an altar (mihrap) in the east
Sultan Murad III 1574-1535 Pulpit (minber) and preachers pew were built.
Sultan Abdulmecit 1850 Added the present day Imperial Pew
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Quick Tour

• Take a quick tour and learn more about the
  inauguration during the reign of Emperor
  Justinian (532-537 A.D.)

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Famous Architects of Hagia Sophia

• Architect Ruffinos was hired during the reign of
  Emperor Theodosius II, and the completion took
  place in the year 415 A.D.
• Anthemius of Trailles and Isidorus of Miletus,
  were architects hired during one of the most
  extensive restoration of the temple. They were
  hired by the Emperor Justinian and were asked to
  construct a church which was to surpass in
  magnificence all earlier churches.
• The architect Tridat once again restored Hagia
  Sophia during a six year period starting in 988,
  and ending in 994. The temple had gone massive
  damage caused by an earthquake.
• The Turkish architect Sinan, built the two
  minarets in front of the church during the reign
  of Sultan Murad III (1535-1574).

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The Manifestation

• During the construction of the inner sanctuary
  there was a disagreement between the Emperor
  Justinian and his builders as to whether its apse
  should have one window or two. It was then
  reportedly settled when an angel of the Lord
  appeared, dressed as the Emperor Justinian with
  royal robes, and shoes, and spoke to the
  craftsman. He spoke to them saying I will that
  there be a triple light, and that the conch be
  made with three windows in the name of the
  Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. The
  emperor, when made aware of this apparition,
  fully knowing that he had not in fact left his
  palace, informed his builders, As I have bidden
  thee, so do.

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Works Cited

• Forum of Augustus Fori Imperiali
  1999 http//www.capitolium.org/eng/fori/augusto.h
  tm
• Hagia Sophia. Focus MultiMedia
  1997/98. http//www.focusmm.com/civilization/hagi
  a/welcome.htm
• Halsall, Paul. Procopius Description of Hagia
  Sophia from De Aedificiis. 1996. http//www.ford
  ham.edu/halsall/lect/med03.html.
• Huxley, G.L. Anthemius of Tralles. Massachusetts
  Eaton P, 1959 Kinross, Lord. Hagia Sophia. New
  York  Arthur Dembner, 1972
• Lead Word iQ 2004. http//www.wordiq.com/definit
  ion/Lead
• Mathematic and Architecture Wikipedia
  2004 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics-and
  .architecture
• Teteriatnikov, Natalia. Mosaics of Hagia Sophia,
  Istanbul. Wahshington, D.C.  Harvard UP, 1998