Statehood

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Statehood

• Chapter 10

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Section 1 Texas State Government

• The writers of the Texas state constitution were
  chosen for their skills and experience.
• The writers based much of the document on the
  Republic of Texas constitution.
• They also borrowed from the constitutions of
  Louisiana, Tennessee, and the United States.

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Models

• On what documents were the first Texas state
  constitution based?
• Louisiana, Tennessee and the United States

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Framework of the Texas Government

• The Constitution of 1845 arranged the government
  in three parts
• Legislative - This branch had the power to make
  laws. It was divided into two houses (the Senate
  and the House of Representatives).

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• Executive - This branch had the power to carry
  out the laws of the state. It set the term limits
  for governors and gave them the power to veto, or
  prevent the passage of laws.

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• Judicial - This branch had the power to resolve
  legal disputes and hand out justice. The Texas
  court system included the state supreme court,
  district courts, and county courts. Texans had
  the right to a trial by jury.

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Basic idea of the Texas Constitution

• The people had a say in (control of) the
  government.

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Leaders of the State

• Texans held their first state election in 1845
• Governor
• James Pinckney Henderson

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Other offices

• John Hemphill became the first chief justice of
  the Texas Supreme Court.
• Sam Houston and Thomas Jefferson Rusk became the
  first U.S. Senators from Texas.
• Voters chose David Kaufman and Timothy Pilsbury
  to represent Texas in the U.S. House of
  Representatives.

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The VETO

• What could the Governor do with the power to
  veto?
• The Governor could use the veto power to block
  the passage of a law.

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JUDGES

• Under the Constitution of 1845, how were judges
  chosen?
• By the governor

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THE VOTE

• According to the CONSTITUTION, no women, Native
  Americans or African Americans could vote!!

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Activating Prior Knowledge

• How might unresolved issues from the Texas
  Revolution contribute to the outbreak of yet
  another war?
• How would Texas statehood affect these unresolved
  issues?
• How do you think Mexicos border might change
  after the war with the United States?

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Changing Borders
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Section 2 War with Mexico

• Meanwhile, Polk prepared for war. General Zachary
  Taylor brought 4,000 troops to Corpus Christi.
  They built Fort Texas on land that Mexico claimed
  as its own.
• Fighting broke out in April of 1846. In May, the
  United States declared war against Mexico.

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What issues brought Texas and Mexico to war?

• President Polk wanted to expand the U.S. to the
  Pacific
• Fix the Southern border of Texas at the Rio
  Grande, Mexico disagreed
• Fort Texas was built on Mexican Land
• Polk sent diplomat John Slidell to Mexico with an
  offer to buy California. Mexico was unwilling to
  deal with the United States.

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The President of the United States
James K. Polk Eleventh President 1845-1849
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Polks Position

• President Polk believed STRONGLY in manifest
  destiny - that the United States had the right
  and duty to expand to the Pacific Ocean.

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Texans in the War

• Many Texans supported the war effort or wanted to
  get revenge on Mexico
• Governor Henderson took a leave of absence to
  join the fight.
• Mirabeau Lamar fought
• The Texas Rangers won fame for their bravery and
  skill in battle.
• They gathered vital information and helped to
  protect U.S. supply lines
• Unfortunately the Rangers often made up their own
  rules of war. They often terrorized local
  Mexican people.

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The Outcome of the War

• Victory Over Mexico
• The fighting ended in September 1847.
• The United States won the war.
• The two nations signed the Treaty of Guadalupe
  Hidalgo in 1848. In this treaty,
• Mexico recognized Texas as part of the United
  States.
• Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande would be the
  southern border of Texas.

• Ceding Land
• Mexico gave the United States land as part of a
  cession, or the granting of land by one country
  to another.
• The United States gained territory that includes
  the present-day states of California, Arizona,
  New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado.
  It paid Mexico 15 million for the land.

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Section 3 The Politics of Statehood

• After the war with Mexico ended, Texas leaders
  faces many political issues.
• The Indian raids were still a problem
• The state was still in debt
• The growth of the state led to the need for new
  construction of
• railroads,
• schools, and
• A capitol building

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The Compromise of 1850

• Texas gave up its claim to parts of New Mexico
  and gained 10 million in exchange.

• The Republic of Texas had claimed the Rio Grande
  as its southern and western border. This claim
  gave Texas about half of present-day New Mexico.
  People in New Mexico did NOT want to be part of
  the state of Texas.

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Governor Elisha M. Pease 1857-1859
He worked very hard to strengthen Texas.
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Governor Elisha M. Pease 1857-1859

• He set up a permanent school fund for schools in
  Texas
• He ordered construction of a new capitol
• He pushed for construction of railroads
• By the end of Peases term Texas was almost out
  of debt!

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The Compromise of 1850

• Since Texas entered as a SLAVE state, California
  entered the Union as a FREE state.

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Spending the 10 million

• Pay of Republic of Texas money (77 cents on the
  dollar)
• Pay outstanding debts
• Built a capitol
• Built a governors mansion
• Built or improved roads
• Created the permanent school fund

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The Compromise of 1850

• Additional new lands in the West would decide the
  slavery issue by popular sovereignty, or by
  allowing the people to decide for themselves.

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Section 4 Growth Expansion

• What challenges did Tejanos face after the
  Mexican War?
• Most Tejanos lived with prejudice. During the
  Mexican war, some Mexican Americans were exiled,
  their properties seized.

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Conflicts with Native Americans

• What contributed to the conflicts?
• Most settlers did not care that most Indians just
  wanted to protect their homelands and way of
  life.
• Settlers pushed farther west into Indian
  territories as the states population grew.

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Ongoing Conflicts

• How did the U.S. government try to resolve the
  ongoing conflicts between Texas settlers and
  Native Americans?
• Built forts
• Created calvary units
• Established two Indian reservations

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Camels in Texas

• The US imported camels to use in the fight
  against the Indians.
• Soldiers greatly disliked the camels
• The army sold most of the camels, but some were
  released and roamed the plains until around 1900.

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Notes

• What happens when a person is exiled?
• He or she is forced to leave the country.
• What statement best sums up the Native American
  view on land ownership?
• Land belongs to the people as a whole.

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Growth

• The population of Texas grew from about 50,000 in
  1836 to
• over 600,000 by 1860.