Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

1
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

• Answer Key

2
Epidemiology

• Is TB on the increase or decrease in the US?
• Decrease
• What US populations have the highest number of
  reported cases per year?
• Foreign populations

3
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(TB)

• What is TB?
• A slow growing bacteria that effects the
  respiratory tract of humans
• What other areas of the body can be affected by
  this bacteria?
• Bone
• Brain
• Kidney

4
TB Growth

• What happens after the bacteria have entered the
  body?
• They begin to grow in the alveoli (small air
  sacs) of the lungs and then spread throughout the
  lung and body

5
Incubation

• What is the usual incubation period?
• 2-6 weeks for TB infection
• Up to 2 years for TB disease (highest risk)
• What does a positive skin test mean?
• Bacteria is in body, but not contagious
• How contagious is a person showing symptoms?
• Highly contagious

6
Testing

• Name the types of testing for TB
• Tine Test
• PPD (purified Protein Derivative)
• Describe the PPD Test
• The skin of the forearm is injected with
  Tuberculin, and it is checked in three days for a
  possible reaction.
• No reactionnegative test
• Reactionpositive test

7
Transmission

• How is it transmitted?
• Inhalation of the infectious airborne particles
  or droplet nuclei
• Infectious particles are carried in the air after
  an infected individual speaks, coughs, sneezes,
  or certain medical procedures are performed.

8
Particles

• What are these particles called?
• Droplet nuclei
• What is the size of the particles?
• 1-5 micron sized droplets

9
Respirator

• What is a respirator?
• A personal protective device that removes air
  contaminants such as dust, mists, and aerosols
  from ambient air.
• Who has to approve the respirator, and what
  efficiency should it be?
• NIOSH

10
AFB Isolation

• What does AFB stand for?
• Acid Fast Bacilli
• What are the requirements of an AFB isolation
  room?
• Warning signs
• Must be maintained under negative pressure
• Exhaust air away from air intakes

11
Filters

• Describe a HEPA filter, and state its use-
• High Efficiency Particulate Air filter
• Used to filter air for recirculation in an AFB
  isolation room

12
Settings at Risk

• What type of setting have a higher risk for TB?
• Health care settings
• Correctional institutions
• Homeless shelters
• Long-term care facilities for the elderly
• Drug treatment centers

13
(No Transcript)