Chapter 14 The formation of Western Europe 800 - 1500

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Chapter 14The formation of Western Europe800 -
1500

• A
• Mr. Alley Mr. Kirschner
• Production

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Church Reform and the Crusades

• The Pope inspired by the many monasteries that
  showed reverence toward God began to reform the
  Church (The Age of Faith).
• Pope Leo IX ended simony (selling of positions in
  the Church) and the marriage of priests.
• 1100-1200 the Church was restructured to resemble
  a kingdom with the Pope as its head.
• Enforce Cannon Law through the Curia (Popes
  Court).
• Collected taxes in the form of tithes.

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Cathedrals-Cities of God

• In the 1100s Gothic Architecture replaced
  Romanesque
• Gothic cathedrals raised up to the skies with
  huge stained glass windows shedding light on
  within.

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Romanesque Aspects
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Aspects of Gothic Architecture
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Stain glass Windows
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Romanesque Gothic
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The Crusades

• In 1093 the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus
  asked the Pope Urban II to help to stop the
  Muslims from conquering the city of
  Constantinople. The Pope called for a Crusade
  (Holy War) to gain control of the Holy Land in
  the Middle East.

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The Crusades 1096 - 1204

• The
• Crusaders
• Came from
• All over
• Europe.
• First
• Crusade
• Was most
• successful.

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Third Crusade

• In 1187 a Kurdish warrior and Muslim leader,
  Saladin recaptured Jerusalem. The Third Crusade
  (1189-1192) was lead by Richard the Lion-Hearted.
  He and Saladin fought for years with no victory.
  A truce in 1192 allowed Jerusalem to remain under
  Muslim control and Christian Pilgrims could visit
  the Holy places.

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Childrens Crusade

• In1212 30,000 French children march to the
  Mediterranean Sea to take back Jerusalem. Those
  that did not die were sold into slavery when they
  arrived at the sea.

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Spanish Crusade

• The Reconquista was the long battle the Spanish
  fought to rid Spain of its Muslim rulers. In 1492
  King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella were able to
  defeat the Muslims at the battle of Granada. The
  King and Queen used the Inquisition (Churchs
  court that tried people if their beliefs were
  different from the Church). All Muslims and Jews
  had to leave Spain in 1492.

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The Effects of the Crusades

• Women were able to manage estates and operate
  shops or inns.
• Pope and Church grew weaker.
• Monarchs grew stronger.
• The Crusades left bitterness and hatred between
  Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
• Trade with Europe and Asia was re-established.