How Did the Western Worldview Grow Out of the Renaissance?

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Chapter 3

• How Did the Western Worldview Grow Out of the
  Renaissance?

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How Did New Religious Views Become Part of the
Western Worldview?

• Two views of religion existed in the Western
  worldview
• Believed that individuals should follow the
  rules, rituals, and teachings of the RCC
• Believed that individuals should question and
  respond to the Bible personally

MIDDLE AGES
HUMANIST
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• Some questions raised
• The necessity to follow the Church laws and
  rituals
• The actions of the clergy and popes
• Many wanted to see things reformed, but not break
  from the RCC
• This was called the Protestant Reformation

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What do you know about Martin Luther from what
you have read?

• No not that Martin Luther

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Martin Luther

• What he Believed Following the rituals was not
  enough. Seek personal religious understanding.
  Not pay for forgiveness.
• What he Did he wrote 95 church reforms that he
  felt were necessary
• What Happened Books burned. Luther was expelled
  from the church.

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John Calvin

• What He Believed Believe and practice what is
  written in the bible only.
• What He Did introduced a strict form of
  Protestantism
• What Happened was the central developer of
  Christian Theology or Calvinism

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John Knox

• What He Believed Believed that the people
  should govern their local church
• What He Did created Presbyteries, or councils
  of men, to govern the church. Led rebellions.
• What Happened led into the Presbyterian church

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The Huguenots

• What they Believed a group in France
  protestants that followed Luthers writings
• What they Did took part in a series of wars
  that lasted 40 years.
• What Happened France finally granted them the
  right to worship in 1598

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King Henry VIII

• What He Believed he believed that he should
  control the church land. Have his marriage
  annulled.
• What He Did he put himself in charge of church
  business.
• What Happened - appointed himself the head of
  the church of England

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Spanish Monarchs

• What they Believed they believed that all other
  religions were false and wrong but Catholicism.
• What they Did started the Inquisition to find
  heretics and disbelievers.
• What Happened thousands were expelled from the
  country. Some were jailed, tortured and put to
  death.

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How Did Ideas of National Identity and
Citizenship Begin to Develop During the
Renaissance

• The idea of Nations began to develop in the
  Renaissance.
• Small political units began to join and develop
  into larger states. These States then became
  countries because
• Societies became more urban
• Citizens developed new identities of belonging to
  a state as well as to their local communities

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• Gunpowder was introduced from China, which
  changed the nature of battles between monarchs
  and the nobles who owned feudal property
• The invention of the printing press and the use
  of local languages helped create national identity

• Exploration of new lands also led to a sense of
  greater national identity.

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How Did a Spirit of Exploration Become Part of
the Western Worldview?

• Governments traders wanted to expand control of
  trade around Mediterranean
• Monarchs wanted to gain the wealth that came from
  trading with the East
• New trade routes increased geographic knowledge
  new sailing technologies spurred the start of the
  Age of Exploration (Discovery)
• Began in the early 15th century til 17th century

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• Europeans wanted/needed to expand their control
  to other parts of the world
• this territorial or economic expansion to other
  countries is call expansionism
• Resulted in the spreading of the Western
  worldview to other continents of the world

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Factors Affecting ExpansionismThe Need for New
Trade Routes

• Merchants would form a company and pool their
  money together to fund trading trips and would
  share the profits for the sale of goods.
• Making a profit through trade became an important
  part of the European world view.
• In the Name of God and Of Profit on account
  books

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• Countries like Spain, Portugal, France and
  England wanted to cut out the middle-men in the
  trading route. (Italian or Muslim traders)

• Wealthy Merchants and Monarchs started to fund
  new exploratory trading routes to the East

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New Ideas and KnowledgeGeography

• Aristotle (Greek Philosopher) - believed that the
  earth was round and flat, like a plate
• Ptolemy (Egyptian Geographer) - believed that it
  was round (like a ball) but only one ocean.
• Islamic and European scientists such as
  __________ agreed with this
• Sailors were confident to sail westwards
  believed that they could sail west to Asia

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Interest in Learning More About the World

• Humanism Travel Writers created an interest in
  trade and exploration.
• Advances in cartography distribution of maps
  navigation tables, navigation use of
  astrolabe, and shipbuilding carracks caravel
  
• Astrolabe and Compass Sailors went from always
  being close to the shore, to being able to
  navigate in open waters.

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How did the Age of Exploration Begin?

• A European desire to expand their influence to
  other areas of the world became a major part of
  their worldview. European explorers would spread
  the Western worldview to all inhabited continents
  of the world.

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• Portugal, France, Spain and England became the
  leading players in the Age of Exploration
  because
• POSITION An Atlantic coastline
• MONARCHS Sponsored explorers by financing their
  voyages.
• TECHNOLOGY New ship designs, navigational tools
  (astrolabe) and navigational information enables
  explorers to sail the new-world and far-off
  lands..

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• The new values of travel exploration,
  consumerism and accumulation of wealth fueled the
  race for new trade routes.
• The Roman Catholic Church was very involved in
  the exploration of new lands because it wanted to
  spread Christianity.

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Portugal

• Early 1400s Portuguese sailors sailed around
  the southern tip of Africe to establish a trade
  route to India China.
• The city of Lisbon became the main trading city
  of Europe.
• Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco da Gama were 2 of
  Portugals most famous explorers at this time.

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Spain

• The Spanish were envious of Portugals wealth and
  started their own series of explorations.
• Spanish explorers sailed west to try to reach
  Asias eastern shores however, they did not
  realize that the Americas were in between Spain
  and Asia.

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England

• England started focusing on exploration in the
  16th century.
• English explorers, Martin Frobisher and John
  Davis, looked for a North West passage through
  Canada to India China.
• By the 17th century, England had more colonies
  along the North American Atlantic coast and in
  the West Indies than any other European power.

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France

• At first, France was preoccupied by wars with
  England and Italy.
• France sponsored expeditions to areas that were
  farther north and west.
• Cartiers explorations set the stage for Frances
  future exploration and colonization of the New
  World.

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Explorers

• 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed to what he
  thought was Japan. In fact he was at an island
  in the Caribbean. Columbus was sponsored by
  Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain.
  Columbus never reached mainland North America.

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Explorers

• 1497 Even though England was not really
  interested in exploration, the monarch sponsored
  Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) who sailed to North
  America.

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Explorers

• 1501 Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian merchant
  and mapmaker who explored the coast of Brazil.
  North and South America are named after him.

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Explorers

• 1519 Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the tip of
  South America and named the Pacific Ocean. He
  reached the eastern part of Asia and his ships
  were the first to circumnavigate the globe. He
  was killed in the Philippines.

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Explorers

• 1534 France sponsored Jacques Cartier who sailed
  to the New World and explored up the St. Lawrence
  river as far north as present day Montreal (then
  known as Hochelaga).

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How Did the Age of Exploration Lead to
Imperialism?

• Britain and Spain had built huge empires that
  spanned the globe.
• Through policies of imperialism these countries
  maintained control over the inhabitants and
  resources of the New World.
• Built on the desire to increase wealth and power
• The colonies land they controlled were to
  further the interests increase wealth of home
  country

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The European view of the rest of the world

• Europeans believed that they were culturally and
  politically superior, therefore they had every
  right to control the people and resources of
  these new lands.
• The indigenous people were not considered as
  equals.
• Belief that ones own race and culture was
  superior to those people of other societies is
  known as enthnocentrism
• extranet.redeemer.ab.ca/sites/Schools/jp2/rdsouza/
  .../Chapter203.ppt?

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Examples of ethnocentrism

• Aztecs Incas (Spanish)
• Chinese Indians (British, Portuguese)
• First Nations in N.A (British, French)
• Africans as slaves
• Caribbean (Spanish, British)
• HOW? Government, Religion, Land, Slavery

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How Did the Exchange of Goods and Products Change
the World?

• The exchange of foodstuffs, metals, plants,
  animals and diseases affected economies and
  changed traditional ways of life of people around
  the world.
• Europeans introduced Metals, Wheel, Work
  animals, Firearms, War technology
• Product of Americas Rubber, Canoes, Snowshoes,
  Toboggans, Chewing gum, Dyes, Medicinal plants

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How Did the Exchange of Goods and Products Change
the World?

• European diseases had devastating effects on the
  local Indigenous people who did not have immunity
  to European diseases.
• It is estimated that 75 to 90 of the Aboriginal
  population died as a result of European disease.

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How Did Imperialism Affect European Worldviews?

• Ideas Knowledge
• Although Europeans considered their way of life
  as superior, they were impressed by the First
  Nations ideas of personal liberty, leadership
  consensus government and lack of emphasis on
  personal property.
• Europeans saw the New World as a place offering
  new opportunities , free land escape from
  religious persecution.
• Because of the ideas taken from the First
  Nations, Personal freedom, leadership, individual
  choice of religion are key parts of the modern
  Western Worldview.

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How Did Imperialism Affect European Worldviews?

• Economic Systems
• As more gold and silver came into Europe from the
  New World, its buying power was reduced which
  resulted in inflation.
• The price of goods rose due to this inflation
  which caused hardships for the common people who
  did not have the wealth from colonies.
• Spain and France purchased most of their goods
  from other countries which led to
  industrialization in countries such as England,
  Germany and the Netherlands.
• By the end of 17th century, power was shifting
  from Spain and Portugal to these countries due to
  this initial industrial development.