Learning, Memory and Amnesia: How Your Brain Stores Information

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Learning, Memory and AmnesiaHow Your Brain
Stores Information

• THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF MEMORY
• Outline
• 1. Amnesic Effects of Bilateral Medial Temporal
  Lobectomy
• a. The Case of H.M.
• b. H.M.'s Memory Deficits
• c. Impact of H.M.'s Case
• d. Medial Temporal Lobe Amnesia and Implicit
  Memory
• e. The Case of R.B.
• 2. Korsakoff's Amnesia
• 3. Posttraumatic Amnesia

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Robert Frost After Apple-Picking (1914)

• My long two-pointed ladder's sticking through a
  treeToward heaven still,And there's a barrel
  that I didn't fillBeside it, and there may be
  two or threeApples I didn't pick upon some
  bough.But I am done with apple-picking
  now.Essence of winter sleep is on the night,The
  scent of apples I am drowsing off.I cannot rub
  the strangeness from my sightI got from looking
  through a pane of glassI skimmed this morning
  from the drinking troughAnd held against the
  world of hoary grass.It melted, and I let it
  fall and break.But I was wellUpon my way to
  sleep before it fell,And I could tellWhat form
  my dreaming was about to take.Magnified apples
  appear and disappear,Stem end and blossom
  end,And every fleck of russet showing dear.My
  instep arch not only keeps the ache,It keeps the
  pressure of a ladder-round.I feel the ladder
  sway as the boughs bend.And I keep hearing from
  the cellar binThe rumbling soundOf load on load
  of apples coming in.For I have had too muchOf
  apple-picking I am overtiredOf the great
  harvest I myself desired.There were ten thousand
  thousand fruit to touch,Cherish in hand, lift
  down, and not let fall.For allThat struck the
  earth,No matter if not bruised or spiked with
  stubble,Went surely to the cider-apple heapAs
  of no worth.One can see what will troubleThis
  sleep of mine, whatever sleep it is.Were he not
  gone,The woodchuck could say whether it's like
  hisLong sleep, as I describe its coming on,Or
  just some human sleep.

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Animal Models of Amnesia and Memory

• Outline
• 1. Inadequacy of Early Animal Models of Amnesia
• 2. Studying Object Recognition in Animals
  Nonrecurring-Items Delayed Nonmatching-to-Sample
• a. Monkeys
• b. Rats
• 3. The Use of Animal Models to Study the Neural
  Bases of Memory
• a. Which Structures Contribute to
  Medial-Temporal-Lobe Amnesia?
• b. The Hippocampus and Memory for Spatial
  Location
• c. Theories of Hippocampal Function
• 4. Where Are Memories Stored?
• 5. Synaptic Mechanisms of Learning Memory

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