Callista Roy Nursing Theorist

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Callista RoyNursing Theorist

• By
• Megan Davis
• Brandon Zolynsky
• Shelley Meyerholtz

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Purpose

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•  -The initial formulation of Sister Callista
  Roy's Adaptation Model came from developing a
  framework for a nursing curriculum.
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•  -The purpose of Roy's Adaptation Model is to
  modify the individual and environment in such a
  way that promote adaptation of the patient.
  Chitty and Black (2011)

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?Questions?

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• -Roy proclaimed that she "knew what nursing was -
  it was promoting patient adaptation." Fawcett
  (2002)
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• -A colleague questioned what she meant by that,
  and she has been answering the question ever
  since.

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Problems to Solve

• -The main problem the Nurse is presented with
  when applying Roy's Adaptation Model is how the
  environment will be modified in order to
  facilitate adaptation in the patient
• -The Nurse must fine tune the demands of
  environmental stimuli to the patient's adaptive
  mechanisms in order to achieve an effective
  adaptive behavioral response conducive to
  promoting the integrity of the individual.
• -The Nurse observes patient behavior in relation
  to environmental stimuli and customizes nursing
  diagnoses to formulate care plans specific to
  promoting adaptation.
• Chitty and Black (2011)

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                            Motivation    

• - Came from working with Dorothy Johnson while
  studying her graduate degree in 1964
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• - Dorothy Johnson questioned Sister Roys thought
  on nursing and how it was the promotion of
  adaptation. That question alone led Sister Roy
  into years of explaining and defining (Fawcett,
  J. 2002)
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• - Sister Roy read a book about adaptation and
  psychology by Harry Helson (1964) which helped
  her to write her own adaptation theory
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Nursing Values and Knowledge

• - Adaptation theory focused on holistic care and
  bio-psycho-social system
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• - The environment needs to be changed to allow
  adaptation and feelings of comfort by the patient
  during time of illness
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• -  To cope with a changing world, a person uses
  coping mechanisms, both innate and acquired,
  which are biological, psychological, and social
  in origin (Nursing-theory.org 2011)
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• - Focuses on improving practice through research
  and education

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Modes of Adaptation 

• Physiological human needs (air, food, water)
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•     Self Concept perceptions of self positively
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•          Role Function how people respond to
  different role changes (mother, provider, care
  giver)
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•             Interdependence balance between
  being dependent and independent
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• (Nursing-theory.org , 2011)

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                Influence of Theory        

• Callista Roy was greatly influenced by Dorothy
  Johnsons commitment to describe the goal of
  nursing as a way of moving the discipline
  forward, describing the nature of nursing, and
  explicating a body of distinctive nursing
  knowledge (Fewcett, J. 2002)

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Influence Continued.......

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• Roy has told the story that she was reading a
  short paragraph on adaptation, and that is what 
  made her realize what nursing was- promoting
  patient adaptation. 
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• Fawcett 2002

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                Global Concepts
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• Person- patient that adapts based on coping
  skills
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•      Environment- internal and external stimuli
  that affect the development and behavior of the
  patient
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•            Health- the "whole" patient, includes
  modes of adaptation (pyschological, self concept,
  role function, interdependence)
•     - Illness is effectively adapting to one or
  more of the modes
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•                  Nursing- system of knowledge
  related to the care of an ill patient

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Where Will You See This Model?

• This model is said to be an appropriate
  curriculum guide for Diploma, ADN, BSN, and MSN
  educational programs  
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• Although it is a great model for education you
  could see this model in any area of nursing due
  to it being related to adaption . It is also used
  in research

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The 6 Steps of the Roy Adaptation Nursing Process

1. Assessment of Behavior-The nurse must assess the
   behaviors of the pt and see if they threaten the
   survival of the family, individual, group or
   community. Does it also affect the growth and
   development.

• 2. Assessment of Stimuli- The nurse must realize
  that medical treatments are not considered
  stimuli
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• 3. Nursing Diagnosis- Based on behaviors and
  stimuli
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                      6 steps continued......

•  4. Goal Setting- Must make clear outcome based
  on the human adaptive system
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• 5. Nursing Interventions-The nurse selects and
  implements nursing approaches that have a high
  probability of changing stimuli or strengthening
  adaptive processes
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• 6. Evaluation- Nurse must evaluated the
  effectiveness of the interventions based on the
  human adaptive system.

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Implications

• -From Roy's Adaptation Model, we can imply that
  adaptation is a fundamental basis on which
  nursing practice can be developed.
• -Like many Nursing Theory Models, Roy's
  Adaptation Model can be applied to many aspects
  of life, not limited to nursing, as adaptation to
  environmental stimuli can promote integration in
  most all life facets.  This is why Roy's model is
  so widely used as a curriculum guide for many
  Nursing education program

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Inference and Interpretation

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• It is shown through Roy's research and studies
  that changing the patients environment as needed
  and assessing the stimuli, you  allow for
  adaptation to occur which is necessary for the
  pateint's well being and recovery.

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Today

• -Roy's Adaptation Model continues to serve as a
  basis for Nursing curriculum development as well
  as care guidelines throughout nursing.
• -Two editions of her book The Roy Adaptation
  Model (Roy Andrews, 1999) have been published
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• -Roy is currently serving as faculty at  Boston
  College's William F. Connell School of Nursing
  and has turned her attention to contemporary
  movements in nursing knowledge development and
  spirituality. (Fawcett, 2002)

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CASE STUDY

• Your patient Mr. Andrews is 67 years old. Mr.
  Andrews suffered a stroke four days ago that has
  affected his non-dominant side. He is married,
  and has three young grandchildren who enjoys
  spending a lot of time with. Mr. Andrews works as
  an accountant and enjoys spending time outdoors.
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• Mr. Andrews is experiencing left sided weakness
  and has difficulty with fine motor movements. 
  His strength is improving and he is very
  motivated and cooperative with his care regimen.
• Using Roy's adaptation model how would you
  develop your plan of care for Mr. Andrews?
• What barriers could be in place to make it
  difficult to apply Roy's adaptation model to Mr.
  Andrews care?

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References

• Callista Roy Adaptation Model 2008. Retreived
  from http//nursingtheories.blogspot.com/2008/07/
  sister-callista-roy-adaptation-theory.html
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• Chitty, K. K., Black, B. P. (2011).  
• Professional Nursing Concepts Challenges (6th
  ed.). Maryland Heights, Mo. Saunders.
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•  Fawcett, J. (2002). The nurse theorists 21st
  century updates-Callista Roy. Nursing science
  quarterly, 15, (4), 308-310. doi10.1177/089431802
  236795
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• Medical dictionary (2012).  Adaptaton Model.
  Retrieved from http//medical-dictionary.thefreedi
  ctionary.com/adaptationmodel
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• Nursing Theory (2011). Roy's Adaptation Model.
  Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-t
  heorists/roy-adaptation-model.php
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References

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•  Nursing Theory (2011). Sister Callista Roy.
  Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-t
  heorists/Sister-Callista-Roy.php
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• Roy,C. (2011). Extending the Roy Adaptation Model
  to Meet Changing Global Needs. Nursing Science
  Quarterly,24 (4), 345-351. doi 10.1177//0894318411
  419210
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• Taber's Medical Dictionary, 21st edition(2009).
  Callista Roy's Adaptation Model.   Retrieved from
  www.tabers.com/tabersonline/ub/view/Tabers/144307/
  0/Callista_Roy's_Adapatation_Model
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