D-DAY June 6, 1944

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D-DAYJune 6, 1944

• OPERATION OVERLORD

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PLAN BODYGUARD"In wartime, truth is so
precious that she should always be attended by a
bodyguard of lies."

• DECEPTION
• SECURITY AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE THE HANDMAIDENS
  OF DECEPTION
• OFFENSIVE INTELLIGENCE

• POLITICAL WARFARE
• BRUTAL, UNADULTURATED MAYHEM

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• BOMBING WILL FORCE SURRENDER
• ATTACK ON NORWAY
• MAJOR HIT AT THE BALKANS

• LACKING DIVISION STRENGTH IN NORTHWESTERN EUROPE
• FAKE SOVIET INVASION FROM THE EAST

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GARBO Juan Pujol was a Spaniard who had had been
recruited to German intelligence and then offered
to work for the British. He created a huge
network of false sub-agents by the time of
Fortitude. He was awarded the IRON CROSS after
D-DAY BRUTUS Roman Garby-Czerniawski was a
Polish officer captured by the Germans, he was
offered a chance to work for them as a spy. On
his arrival in Britain he immediately turned
himself in to British intelligence. TRICYCLE
Duško Popov, a Yugoslav lawyer
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• OPERATION TAXABLE (CAPDANTIFER)
• OPERATION TITANIC
• OPERATION ABC CONTROL

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RUPERTS
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The sham was maintained right up to the very last
minute. One of the most unusual deception
operations involved hundreds of dummy
paratroopers, known as Ruperts. Early on D-Day
morning hundreds of the dummies were dropped east
of the invasion zone in Normandy and in the
Pas-de-Calais area. The dummies were dressed in
paratrooper uniforms, complete with boots and
helmets, to create the illusion of a large
airborne assault. To further the illusion,
recordings of gunfire and exploding artillery
rounds were played from airborne speakers. Code
named Titanic, the operation distracted and
confused German forces while the main airborne
forces landed further west.
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OPERATION FORTITUDE

• Dupe the Germans
• Invasion from Kent to Port of Calais
• The Allies massed fake landing craft in creeks
  and harbors near Kent
• Sent Patrols and heavy radio traffic

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PREPARING FOR THE ATTACK

• RECON
• OPERATION TRANSPORTATION
• HELP FROM THE UNEXPECTED
• BRITISH INTELLIGENCE AND ESPINOGE
• FRENCH RESISTANCE
• BBC
• THE DICE ARE ON THE CARPET
• Les des sont sur le tapis
• BRIDGES AND ROADS

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NORMANDY
FRANCE
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• Double agents planted stories and gave fake
  documents to known German spies.
• A giant oil pumping head for PLUTO (made from
  papier mâché) was erected near Dover

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Fortitude North

• Threat to invade Norway
• British Fourth Army
• OPERATION SKYE
• EDINBURGH CASTLE

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Fortitude South

• Pas de Calais
• The key element of Fortitude South was OPERATION
  QUICKSILVER
• 21st Army Group Montgomery (real)
• 1st U.S. Army Group (FUSAG) (a fictitious army
  under General George Patton)
• Double Agents ULTRA
• SO CONVINCED THAT EVEN AS THE ALLIES LANDED IN
  NORMANDY HILTER BELEIVBED IT WAS A DECEPTION

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• So how successful was (Operation) Fortitude? It
  couldn't have been more successful" STEPHEN
  AMBROSE

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OP. CHICAGO DETROIT

• US AIRBORNE ASSUALTS ON JUNE 5TH AND 6TH BY 82ND
  AND 101ST AIRBORNE
• 82nd Airborne was around Sainte-Mere-Eglise, to
  the west of UTAH, intending to protect the
  western flank of the invasion
• 101st into Vierville

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Objective of 101st 82nd

• Open the door after invasion to Cherbourg
• Secure bridge heads and eliminate dangerous 88s
• Scattered drop
• Flooded fields
• 20 casualty
• Opening the door

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Operation Neptune

• Landing phase of the Normandy invasion force
• 8 different navies
• 6,939 vessels (1,213 warships, 4,126 transport
  vessels)
• Commander of the Allied Naval Expeditionary
  Force Admiral Bertran Ramsey

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• Spear headed by a flotilla of 287 mine sweepers
• 138 warships that would bombard the German beach
  defenses
• Objectives were very clear and concise

• Battleships
• USS ARKANSAS
• HMS NELSON
• USS NEVADA
• HMS RAMILLIES
• USS TEXAS
• HMS WARSPITE

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• NAVAL SCREEN
• PROVIDED BY BRITISH HOME GUARD
• NAVAL BOMBARDMENT
• Warships provided supporting fire for the land
  forces

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Operation Overlord
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Gerd von Rundstedt
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• The strength of the defenses was absurdly
  overrated. The Atlantic Wall was an illusion,
  conjured up by propaganda to deceive the German
  people as well as the Allies. It used to make me
  angry to read the stories about its impregnable
  defenses. It was nonsense to describe it as a
  wall. Hitler himself never came to visit it,
  and see what it really was. For that matter, the
  only time he came to the Channel coast in the
  whole war was back in 1940, when he paid a visit
  on one occupation to Camp

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THE SECOND FRONT

• WHY NORMANDY?
• WHY NOW?
• WHY NOT CALAIS?
• WHAT ARE THE RISKS?
• THE ATLANTIC WALL

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5 BEACHES SPELL DOOM FOR THE THIRD REICH

• OMAHA US
• UTAH -US
• GOLD -BRITISH
• SWORD-BRITISH
• JUNO-BRITISH-CANADIAN

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Omaha Beach

• Pointe du Hoc U.S. Army rangers
• U.S. 29th and 1st infantry

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• OMAHA WAS THE LARGEST ASSUALT AREA (10 MILES)
• Widerstandsnester (resistance nests)
• 352nd Infantry Division defended the beach
• Their weapons were fixed to cover the beach with
  grazing enfilade fire as well as plunging fire
  from the cliffs.
• Omaha was a killing zone.

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• Charlie
• Dog (consisting of Green, White, and Red
  sections)
• Easy (Green and Red sections)
• Fox (Green and Red sections

• From the beginning everything went wrong at Omaha

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• Special DD Sherman Amphibious tanks supporting
  the 116th sank in the choppy waters of the
  Channel
• 2 of the 29 launched made it to the beach
• Only A Company landed correct
• By 0830 hours troops were on their own on the
  beach
• Not until noon with naval assistance were
  gateways opened
• Americans suffered 2,400 casualties at Omaha on
  June 6, but by the end of the day they had landed
  34,000 troops

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Point du Hoc

• five 155-mm guns aimed at Utah and Omaha
• 2nd and 5th Ranger battalions
• Lieutenant Colonel James Rudder

• They were the first American unit to accomplish
  its mission on D-Dayat a cost of half of their
  fighting force
• The rangers held out for two days until help
  arrived

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UTAH BEACH

• U.S. 4th Infantry Division
• RELATIVELY FEW CASUALTIES
• Not in the original plan
• Added to ensure capture of Cherbourg
• Defended by sparse fixed infantry

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Brigadier General Theodore Roosevelt, Jr

• We'll start the war from here!
• Began very confused ended brilliantly
• 20,000 landed on Utah fewer than 300 casualties

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Gold, Sword, Juno
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• British and Canadian forces inflicted heavy
  casualties on German resistance and suffered few
  casualties themselves
• Pegasus Bridge--6th Airborne Division

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Cherbourg

• Northern end of the Cotentin peninsula was a
  first priority for the US forces.
• Germans thoroughly destroyed the port of
  Cherbourg
• After capture of Cherbourg Allies build Mulberrys
  
• Advance stagnates

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D-DAY PLUS

• HEDGEROW FIGHTING (BOCAGE)
• STALEMATE????
• CAEN AND GERMAN RESISTANCE
• Cotentin Peninsula
• Germans concentrate on British between Sword and
  Juno

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Patton and Operation Cobra (THE BREAKOUT)

• Pattons 3rd Army
• Cobra is designed to drive a hole in the German
  lines and open an exit to Saint-Lo.
• Bradleys Third attempt to break out
• Began July 25, 1944
• Air campaign Friendly Fire

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• By 7 July, almost every surviving German armored
  unit in Normandy was committed to battle on the
  Mortain from against the American 30th and 9th
  divisions
• HUGE TACTICAL MISTAKE
• Bradley 750 tanks vs. 150 Panzers
• The Air campaign of Cobra was the 1st successful
  carpet bombing in history
• By July 31 American troops were charging out of
  the Contentin

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Nothing could stop the Americans now
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Falaise pocket

• Area near Falaise where the Allies wanted to
  encircle and destroy the German 7th 5th Panzer
  divisions
• August 16, 1944 Germans are almost encircled
• Villages of Chambois, Saint-Lambert

• Hans von Kluge SS CO
• 400,000 Germans
• Walther Model
• The death road German escape
• Here the German Army bled white

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• One could walk for literally hundreds of yards
  at a time stepping on nothing but dead and
  decaying flesh. IKE

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CLOSING THE POCKET

• Link up of Canadian-British Patton
• Patton could have completely finished off the
  German Army in and Around Falaise and Mortain
• 50,000 POWS-60,000 WIA-10,000 KIA-3000 abandoned
  vehicles including tanks, armored trucks,
  artillery
• An incomplete victory

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Across the Seine

• Germans experts by now at retreating improvised
  and crossed the Seine-some 100,000 escape
• A SHADOW FORCE

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Paris is liberated

• De Gaulle enters Paris August 26th
• A triumphal parade down the Champs-Élysées to
  Notre-Dame Cathedral

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• Liberation had come at a high cost more than
  200,000 dead, wounded, and missing from the
  Allied armies, more than 300,000 from the German
• By early September 1944 all but a fraction of
  France had been liberated.
• The Coming Winter would be Hitlers Last a
  Brutal conflict was coming to an end

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