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World Belief Systems

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Title: World Belief Systems


1
World Belief Systems
2
August 2013
  • Asoka incorporated Buddhist ideas into the laws
    he had carved on rocks and pillars placed
    throughout the Mauryan Empire.
  • Constantine made Christianity the official
    religion of the Roman Empire.
  • Prince Vladimir required all Russians to become
    Eastern Orthodox Christians.
  • Which generalization can be made based on these
    statements?
  • (1) Leaders often use religion to unify an
    empire.
  • (2) Many political leaders encourage religious
    toleration.
  • (3) Leaders sometimes use religion as a reason to
    wage war.
  • (4) Political leaders usually become the head of
    the church in their country

3
June 2013
  • The Ten Commandments, the Eightfold Path, and the
    Five Pillars of Faith each serve to
  • (1) provide followers with a guide for living
  • (2) establish systems of justice
  • (3) establish distinctions between social classes
  • (4) provide regulations for government workers

4
Aug 2012
  • Muslims reference to Christians and Jews as
    People of the Book demonstrates they all shared
    a belief in
  • (1) the pope
  • (2) the five relationships
  • (3) monotheism
  • (4) dharma

5
Jan 2013
  • Fasting during Ramadan
  • Praying five times each day
  • Giving charity to the poor
  • Followers of which religion engage in these
  • practices?
  • (1) Christianity (3) Islam
  • (2) Buddhism (4) Judaism

6
August 2013
  • Which leader is responsible for westernizing
  • Turkey and creating a secular government?
  • (1) Kemal Atatürk (3) Ayatollah Khomeini
  • (2) Saddam Hussein (4) Anwar Sadat

7
Polytheism
  • Belief in many gods often nature gods because
    unable to explain/control natural phenomena.
  • Leaders priests (Greeks Zeus, Romans
    Jupiter, Egyptians Ra, etc)
  • Books - myths
  • Locations river civilizations, classical civs
    of Greece Romans
  • Affects Romans practiced syncretism to expand
    empire (Pantheons) and will use imperial cult to
    unify it will come in conflict with
    monotheistic faiths like Judaism/Christianity

8
VEDAS (written in sanskrit)
Brahman (head god) Shiva (destroyer god),
Vishnu (preserver god)
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August 2013
  • A person who practices Hinduism would most
    likely
  • (1) believe the Vedas are sacred
  • (2) worship in a synagogue
  • (3) pray facing Mecca
  • (4) make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem

12
Aug 2012
  • Believers of Hinduism are expected to
  • (1) fulfill their dharma for a favorable
    reincarnation
  • (2) complete a pilgrimage to Mecca
  • (3) obey the Ten Commandments
  • (4) follow the Eightfold Path to achieve
    enlightenment

13
Can not marry outside of caste.
14
Jan 2014
  • What is one way the conflict between India and
    Pakistan over Kashmir and the conflict between
    the Palestinians and Israelis in the Middle East
    are similar?
  • (1) Both conflicts concern territorial and
    religious issues.
  • (2) Hostilities within these regions were
    provoked by the United Nations.
  • (3) Both conflicts emerged as a result of the
    breakup of the Soviet Union.
  • (4) Tensions in these regions were caused by
    efforts to remain nonaligned.

15
Jan 2013
  • Why did large numbers of Hindus and Muslims
    migrate immediately after India gained its
    independence?
  • (1) Many jobs were being outsourced overseas.
  • (2) The government offered housing incentives in
    newly developed areas.
  • (3) Religious pilgrimages to neighboring
    countries were required based on their beliefs.
  • (4) The subcontinent was divided into countries
    based primarily on the location of religious
    majorities.

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Mauryan Empire Asoka will convert to and create
Sacred Edicts throughout Empire to end civil wars
will neglect army and eventual collapse. Will
cause collapse of moral fiber in China and people
leaving Confucian loyalty to Han emperor. Under
Tang will amass lots of wealth that will cause
the emperor to be jealous.
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kami
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Shinto traditional Japanese religion based on
respect for nature. Worshipped kami (spirits).
  • There are "Four Affirmations in Shinto
  • Tradition and the family The family is seen as
    the main mechanism by which traditions are
    preserved. Their main celebrations relate to
    birth and marriage. (closely connected to
    Confucianism)

25
  1. Love of nature Nature is sacred to be in
    contact with nature is to be close to the Gods.
    Natural objects are worshipped as sacred spirits.
  1. Physical cleanliness They take baths, wash their
    hands, and rinse out their mouth often.
  2. "Matsuri" To worship and honor gods and
    ancestral spirits.

26
June 2012
  • What is one way in which animism, Shinto, and
    Daoism are similar?
  • (1) emphasis on harmony with nature
  • (2) monotheistic belief systems
  • (3) belief in the idea of nirvana
  • (4) reliance on the teachings of the Vedas

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Han Dynasty will use to create civil service exam
under Wudi later scholar-gentry based on
it. Mongols reject Confucianism causing
conflicts.
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Jan. 2014
  • Which belief system was the basis for the civil
    service exams given during the Han, Tang, and
    Song dynasties?
  • (1) legalism (3) Buddhism
  • (2) Daoism (4) Confucianism

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Abraham - Moses
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Judaism - Persecution
  • Babylonian Captivity by Assyrians (displaced)
  • Anti-Semitism in Crusades targeted, charged with
    causing black death in 1350s
  • Reconquista of Isabella/Ferdinand in Spain
    Spanish Inquisition
  • Pogroms of Russia
  • Concentration Camps of Holocaust Auschwitz

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Jan 2013
  • The Nuremberg laws are best described as
  • (1) efforts of the Roman Catholic Church to
    punish heresy
  • (2) major articles in the Declaration of the
    Rights of Man
  • (3) specific laws contained in Justinians Code
  • (4) anti-Semitic laws of 20th-century Germany

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Sects of Christianity
  • Catholics Latin America, western Europe, and
    US, leader is Pope importance during Middle
    Ages Charlemagne crowned by Pope Leo III
    (tithe), Urban II calls for Crusades Spanish
    Inquisition, Great Schism (Babylonian Captivity),
    divine right monarchy support to Absolutist
    (Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu controls), split
    with England over control of heir, exploration
    destruction of Aztec codex w/forced conversion.
  • Counter-Reformation and creation of Jesuits
    (convert China/Japan Francis Xavier)

45
Sects of Christianity
  • Orthodox Christianity eastern Europe, no pope
    Patriarch Byzantine Empire had emperor as
    leader of faith (caesaropapism), Schism of 1054
    w/Catholic Church, differences w/Catholics
    priests can marry, iconoclasm, issue of trinity.
  • Byzantine government will have stable bureaucracy
    because led by monks, influence Russia w/St.
    Cyril and Methodius (Cyrillic Alphabet)

46
Sects of Christianity
  • Protestants break from Medieval Control of
    Catholic Church, northern Europe (including
    England), primacy of Bible (vernacular).
  • Martin Luther, 1519, 95 Thesis, opposed sale of
    indulgences, want Bible in German, not goods but
    faith.
  • Calvinism Swiss predestination
  • Anglican Henry VIII w/Act of Supremacy (Queen
    Victorias desire to convert natives in
    imperialism Livingstone in Africa, ending sati
    in India)
  • Numerous sects splinter the Christian faith
    (Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, etc.)

47
Jan 2014
  • One result of the Protestant Reformation was
  • (1) fewer challenges to Church authority
  • (2) a decline in religious unity in western
    Europe
  • (3) the disbanding of the Jesuit order
  • (4) a weakening of the Inquisition

48
June 2013
  • One way in which Martin Luthers Ninety-five
  • Theses and Henry VIIIs Act of Supremacy are
    similar is that both
  • (1) emphasize the importance of the Bible
  • (2) caused the Thirty Years War
  • (3) challenge the authority of the Catholic
    Church
  • (4) helped to unify Christendom

49
June 2013
  • The introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet and
  • Orthodox Christianity to Russia is most closely
    associated with
  • (1) Viking conquests
  • (2) Byzantine missionaries
  • (3) Alexander the Greats armies
  • (4) Ottoman expansion

50
June 2013
  • Why is Catholicism a major religion practiced in
    Latin America?
  • (1) Spain conquered and colonized much of Latin
    America.
  • (2) Disputes over international boundaries within
    Latin America were settled by the pope.
  • (3) The traditional beliefs of Africans were
    incorporated into the cultures of Latin America.
  • (4) The Church provided Latin America with a
    strong central government

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To MECCA
In ALLAH
Ramadan
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58
Jan 2014
  • Which statement about the Islamic Golden Age is a
    fact rather than an opinion?
  • (1) Islamic medicine was more advanced than
    Chinese medicine.
  • (2) Poetry and literature were more important
    fields of study for Muslims than was mathematics.
  • (3) Knowledge of astronomy was used by Muslims to
    fulfill religious obligations.
  • (4) Islamic philosophies relied less on Greek
    philosophical masters than on Indian
    philosophical masters.

59
August 2013
  • Which achievement is most closely associated with
    Mansa Musa of Mali?
  • (1) an increase in the influence of Islam and
  • Islamic culture
  • (2) the discovery of diamonds in the Congo
  • (3) the defeat and capture of Cairo
  • (4) an exclusive trade agreement with European
    merchants

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