Launching a New Nation

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Launching a New Nation

• Chapter 6

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Washington was elected President and began to
create a Government.

• Judiciary Act of 1789
• One of the first laws passed by the new Congress.
  Why?
• Created the Supreme Court
• 1 Chief Justice, 5 associates.
• Created Lower courts too.

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Washington Creates the Cabinet

• Congress created 3 Departments
• State
• Treasury
• War
• The leaders of these departments are called the
  cabinet.

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Hamilton vs. Jefferson
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Hamiltons Economic plan

• Gave The Report on Public Credit
• Hamilton wanted the federal government to assume
  state debts from the war.
• He wanted to create a National Bank and get
  wealthy investors. They would then want America
  to succeed.
• CONTROVERSY- That isnt in the constitution!!!
• Strict vs. Loose interpretation of the
  Constitution
• The Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)

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In the end

• Hamilton wins the Argument
• The bank is established.
• But in return the Federalists agreed to move the
  capital to the South.
• Washington D.C.

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Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

• How did it end differently than Shays rebellion?
• 2000 armed men rose up to protest the excise tax
  that was part of Hamiltons plan.
• Washington and 13,000 troops responded.

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Washingtons Farewell

• I have already intimated to you the danger of
  parties in the State, with particular reference
  to the founding of them on geographical
  discriminations. Let me now take a more
  comprehensive view, and warn you in the most
  solemn manner against the baneful effects of the
  spirit of party generally.

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France

• The U.S. had a treaty with France. (1778)
• When the French revolution became radical, there
  was a debate over whether we should still support
  France.
• Washington declared American Neutrality.

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Proclamation of Neutrality

• Whereas it appears that a state of war exists
  between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great
  Britain, and the United Netherlands, of the one
  part, and France on the other and the duty and
  interest of the United States require, that they
  should with sincerity and good faith adopt and
  pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward
  the belligerant Powers
• I have therefore thought fit by these presents to
  declare the disposition of the United States to
  observe the conduct aforesaid towards those
  Powers respectfully and to exhort and warn the
  citizens of the United States carefully to avoid
  all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in
  any manner tend to contravene such disposition.
• And I do hereby also make known, that whatsoever
  of the citizens of the United States shall render
  himself liable to punishment or forfeiture under
  the law of nations, by committing, aiding, or
  abetting hostilities against any of the said
  Powers, or by carrying to any of them those
  articles which are deemed contraband by the
  modern usage of nations, will not receive the
  protection of the United States, against such
  punishment or forfeiture and further, that I
  have given instructions to those officers, to
  whom it belongs, to cause prosecutions to be
  instituted against all persons, who shall, within
  the cognizance of the courts of the United
  States, violate the law of nations, with respect
  to the Powers at war, or any of them.
• In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of
  the United States of America to be affixed to
  these presents, and signed the same with my hand.
  Done at the city of Philadelphia, the
  twenty-second day of April, one thousand seven
  hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence
  of the United States of America the seventeenth.
• GEORGE WASHINGTON April 22, 1793

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Securing Our Borders

• The Jay Treaty
• Settled claims with British in the west
• Pinckney Treaty
• Spain gave us
• lands in Florida
• free navigation of the Mississippi river.

France gets Mad!!!
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France

• Felt threatened by these negotiations
• They begin to attack US. Ships.
• U.S. an

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President Adams

• Sectionalism-
• Adams tried to avoid war in France.
• He sent delegates to Meet with a French official
  named Talleyrand.
• Three French officials demanded a bribe of
  250,000 before they would talk.
• Called the affair
• As a result

XYZ
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Millions for defense, but not one cent for
Tribute!
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Vice President John Adams by John Singleton
Copely
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The Alien and Sedition Acts

• What were they?
• Who created them?
• How were they used?

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The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

• Who wrote them?
• What did they say?

Compact theory
Nullification
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The Federalists die out over time.

• The never appealed to the average American.

Here lie the FEDERALISTS
1787-1800ish (Later really)
They never learned to respect the peeps!!
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Jefferson as President

• Jefferson won the Election of 1800
• Called the Revolution of 1800
• The vice presidential candidate Aaron Burr got
  the same amount of votes and Congress was forced
  to decide the winner.
• Despite this the transfer of power was peaceful.
• This was impressive to the rest of the world.
• Hamilton helped to get Jefferson elected.
• This led to a duel between the two.

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Hamilton was one of the Last effective leaders
of the Federalist Party.
It can be argued that Burr shot the Federalist
Party too.
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Aaron Burr
ydktwtd

• Plotted to have New England secede
• Hamilton foiled this plot adding to Burrs hatred
• Plotted to have the West secede.
• Only avoided a treason conviction on a
  technicality.

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The 12th Amendment

• The Electors shall meet in their respective
  states, and vote by ballot for President and
  Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not
  be an inhabitant of the same state with
  themselves they shall name in their ballots the
  person voted for as President and in distinct
  ballots the person voted for as Vice-President,
  and they shall make distinct lists of all persons
  voted for as President, and of all persons voted
  for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes
  for each, which lists they shall sign and
  certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the
  government of the United States, directed to the
  President of the Senate--

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• The Democratic Republicans gained popular support
  in late 1790s and in 1800 won the Presidency and
  both houses of Congress.
• The Federalists (Adams) tried to get control of
  the Judicial branch by expanding the courts and
  appointing (for life) Federalist judges.

MIdnight Judges
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Marbury v. Madison

• John Marshall was the Chief Justice of the
  Supreme Court.
• Result- It established the principal of Judicial
  Review.
• Strengthened the Supreme Court.

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Jeffersonian Democracy 1800-1809

• Jefferson tried to simplify government.
• Cut costs, reduced the size of the army and lower
  government expenses.
• Tried to weaken Hamiltons economic plan.
• The South begins to dominate American politics
  during this period.

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Jefferson's Inaugural Address

• We have called by different names brethren of
  the same principle. We are all Republicans. We
  are all Federalists.

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The Louisiana Purchase

• Napoleon decided to sell the Louisiana territory
  to the U.S.
• Two American officials agreed to buy it for 15
  million. They agreed before asking Jefferson.
• Jefferson considered asking for a Constitutional
  Amendment. But feared Napoleon would change his
  mind.
• Jefferson was concerned that it was not
  constitutional, but he agreed to it, and sent it
  to the Senate for approval.

Why is this ironic?
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15 million
10 Million
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Leading to The War of 1812

• France renewed their War on England.
• They both began seizing American Ships.
• impressment
• The Embargo Act 1807-
• Hurt America, NO
• Madison became President 1809
• Non Intercourse Act (France and England)
• Macons Bill 2 (Whoever complies)
• France Complies
• War Hawks and War on Britain

Our Ships all in motion, Once whitend the
ocean, They saild and returnd with a cargo Now
doomd to decay They are fallen a prey To
Jefferson, worms and EMBARGO
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The War of 1812
For freedom of the seas