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Relative Pronouns

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Relative Pronouns Relative Pronouns Relative pronouns connect a independent and dependent clause. I bought the book that he is reading. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Relative Pronouns


1
Relative Pronouns
2
Relative Pronouns
  • Relative pronouns connect a independent and
    dependent clause.
  • I bought the book that he is reading.
  • Relative pronouns combine sentences to avoid
    repetition.
  • I bought the book. He is reading the book.
  • Relative pronouns are sometimes omitted in
    English, but can never be in Spanish.

3
Que
  • Que is the most frequently used relative pronoun.
    It can be
  • the subject of the verb in a relative clause
  • La mujer que escribió la carta es amiga mía.
  • the object (like a DOP or IOP) of the verb in a
    relative clause
  • El libro que Elena compró es muy caro.

4
Que
  • the object of a preposition in a relative clause
  • refering to only things
  • Ése es el avión en que Pedro vino de Viena.
  • refering to people only after de
  • El joven de que hablaban es muy guapo.

5
Quien/quienes
  • Quien and quienes (meaning who and whom) refer
    only to people.
  • They are used primarily as the objects of
    prepositions (especially a, con, de, and en).
  • Ésas son las chicas en quienes confié.
  • Those are the girls in whom I confided.

6
Quien/quienes
  • They are also used instead of que in relative
    clauses which are separated by commas
  • the subject of a verb in the relative clause
  • El autor, quien había escrito varios libros,
    habló en la conferencia.
  • the object of a verb in the relative clause
  • El estudiante a quien le dio malas notas estudió
    más.

7
Quien/quienes
  • When quien and quienes are the direct objects of
    the verb in the clause
  • The personal a is required.
  • Que can be used in place of a quien or
  • a quienes

8
el/la/los/las que
  • el/la/los/las que (meaning that, which, who,
    whom) refer to persons and things
  • They can be used as the subject or object of the
    verb in a regular clause.
  • Subject Conozco al profesor de María el que
    vive cerca de la escuela.
  • Object Vio Ud. a las hermanas de Juan, a las
    que invitamos a la fiesta?

9
el/la/los/las que
  • el/la/los/las que are used after prepositions
    (de, con, por, para, ect.) (especially those that
    have more than one syllable)
  • Me gusta el parque cerca del (de el) que
    comimos.
  • El profesor para el que escribí la composición es
    muy exigente.

10
el/la/los/las que
  • el/la/los/las que are the equivalent to the
    English he/she/those/the one/ that/those who
  • Mi amiga Celia, la que juega al fútbol, acaba de
    ganar la competencia.

11
el/la/los/las que
  • When el/la/los/las que are used at the beginning
    of the sentence, they are often replaced with
    Quien/Quienes to mean an indefinite subject (aka
    he who... Think proverbs)
  • Quien (El que) ríe último, ríe mejor.
  • He who laughs last, laughs best.

12
el/la cual and los/las cuales
  • el/la cual and los/las cuales mean the same as
    el/la/los/las que.
  • They can also be used in the same ways. (see
    previous slides)

13
el/la cual and los/las cuales
  • In order to avoid confustion with porque, sin
    que, and para que, use el/la cual and los/las
    cuales in place of que, quien, and quienes with
    the prepositions por, sin, and para.
  • El candidato por el cual voté ganó las
    elecciones.

14
el/la cual and los/las cuales
  • NOTE That el/la cual and los/las cuales CAN NOT
    be used to replace quien and quienes to mean
    he/she/the one(s), those who.
  • YOU CAN ONLY REPLACE WITH el/la/los/las que.

15
el/la cual and los/las cuales
  • ALSO DO NOT use el/la cual and los/las cuales
    when it is an antecedent (use examples to help).
  • Esta moto y la que compró mi hermano son
    modernas.
  • Los que hablan español ganan mejor sueeldo.

16
Lo que
  • Lo que is used to refer to an idea that has been
    previously stated.
  • Tenemos tres exámenes hoy, lo que no me
    gusta nada.
  • (refering to the fact that we have tests not
    the tests themselves.)
  • Lo que can also refer to an idea that is not
    stated but is understood and generally means
    what.
  • Lo que te conté es verídico.
  • What I told you is true.

17
Lo cual
  • Lo cual ALSO is used to refer to an idea that has
    been previously stated.
  • El presidente cambió de opinión varias veces,
    lo cual (lo que) causó muchos comentaios de la
    prensa.
  • When the idea has not been mentioned, ONLY USE lo
    que.
  • Lo que él te dijo no es verdad.

18
Cuyo/cuya/cuyos/cuyas
  • Cuyo/cuya/cuyos/cuyas are adjectives that mean
    whose.
  • They are put in front of the noun and must agree.
    (if they describe more than one noun, they ONLY
    agree with the 1st.)
  • Ésa es la autora cuyos cuentos y novelas han
    recibido muchos premios internacionales.

19
Cuyo/cuya/cuyos/cuyas
  • When whose is used as an interrogative (aka
    question word) Cuyo/cuya/cuyos/cuyas can NEVER BE
    USED.
  • Always use De quién(es).
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