Phrases and Clauses

1
Phrases and Clauses

• THE BUILDING BLOCKS
• OF SENTENCES

2

• PHRASE
• a group of words that does not have both a
  subject and a verb

3

• CLAUSE
• a group of words with both a subject verb

4

• Whats the difference between
• a phrase a clause?

5

• INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
• a complete thought that can stand alone

6

• DEPENDENT CLAUSE
• group of words with both a subject and verb
  cannot stand alone or it is a fragment

7
Independent clauses a foundation and the frame
of the house.
8
dependent clauses like the windows or doors
(they enhance what is already there, but cant
function alone)
9
Sentence Building

• Independent Dependent
• Start constructing with
• ___________________.
• Improve sentence structure by adding
  _____________________.

10
Clause Identification

• Cross of prep phrases.
• Double underline ACTION OR BEING verbs.
• Single underline the subjects.
• Each separate section with a subject and verb is
  PROBABLY a different clause!
• 5. IDENTIFY INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENT

11
DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• ADJECTIVE STARTERS
• 1) THAT
• 2) WHO
• 3) WHOM
• 4) WHOSE
• 5) WHICH

12
EXAMPLES

• The dog who lives by me is nice.
• The show that I watch is good.
• Jerry Spinelli is the author who wrote Maniac
  McGee.

13
DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• ADVERB STARTERS
• after in order that until
• although since when
• as so that whenever
• because than where
• before though wherever
• if unless while

14
Examples

• 1. After I danced,
• 2. Because he was hungry,
• 3. Until I get an A,
• 4. When I get my new pony,
• 5. Since I love SpongeBob,

15
SENTENCE TYPES

1. SIMPLE
2. COMPOUND
3. COMPLEX
4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX

16

• SIMPLE SENTENCE
• one independent clause
• I like SpongeBob.

17

• COMPOUND
• 2 or more independent clauses
• I like SpongeBob, and I like Plankton.

18

• COMPOUND
• 2 or more independent clauses
• I like SpongeBob I like Plankton.

19
How do we punctuate compound sentences?

• Semicolon
• 2) Comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS)
• SpongeBob makes Krabby patties.
• (join these)
• They are quite delicious!

20
Two ways to punctuate compound sentences!

• SpongeBob makes Krabby patties they are
  delicious.
• SpongeBob makes Krabby patties,
• and they are delicious.

21

• COMPLEX
• dependent independent
• Because he makes me laugh,
• I like SpongeBob.

22
DEPENDENT CLAUSE starters

• ADVERB STARTERS
• after in order that until
• although since when
• as so that whenever
• because than where
• before though wherever
• if unless while

23
DEPENDENT CLAUSE starters

• ADJECTIVE STARTERS
• 1) THAT
• 2) WHO
• 3) WHOM
• 4) WHOSE
• 5) WHICH

24
Whats the difference?

• Adjective
• Adjective phrase
• Adjective clause

25
Dependent clause punctuation

• Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a
  sentence!
• Because he makes me laugh,
• I like SpongeBob.

26
Dependent clause punctuation

• Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a
  sentence
• When I want entertainment, I watch SpongeBob.

27
Dependent clause punctuation

• Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a
  sentence
• If I get a choice of shows,
• I watch SpongeBob.

28
Dependent clause punctuation

• Do not use a comma when the dependent clause
  does not begin the sentence!
• I like SpongeBob because he makes me laugh.

29
Now, write complex sentences!

• Start a sentence with the dependent clause.
• Then, rewrite the sentence to end with the
  dependent clause.
• Use the dependent clause
• starter when
• Remember, your clause must have a
  subject and a verb!

30
Heres my example!

• When Gary runs away from home,
• SpongeBob is devastated.
• SpongeBob is devastated
• when Gary runs away
• from home.

31
Write two more complex sentences!

• Use the dependent clause starter if
• If you are hungry,
• you should visit the Krusty Krab!
• You should visit the Krusty Krab
• if you are hungry.

32
Could you turn our complex sentence into a
compound-complex sentence?

• If you are hungry,
• you should visit the Krusty Krab!

33

• COMPOUND COMPLEX
• 2 INDEPENDENT
• 1 DEPENDENT

34
EXAMPLES

• Because they make me laugh,
• I like SpongeBob,
• and I like Plankton.

35
Turn these into complex

• Patrick is annoying
• Plankton wants the Krabby Patty recipe
• The Hashslinging Slasher visits

36
COMMAS

• AFTER INTRODUCTORY WORDS
• AFTER INTRODUCTORY PHRASES
• AFTER INTRODUCTORY CLAUSES
• BETWEEN 2 INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
• BEFORE THE CONJUNCTION

37
Introductory Words

• Unfortunately, I love chocolate.
• Therefore, I eat it often.
• Also, I like ice cream.
• But, I am allergic to it.
• Thus, I should not eat it.
• Once, I saw a Yettie.
• Next, I saw Bigfoot.
• Finally, I caught a leprechaun!

38
Introductory Phrases

• To be or not to be, that is the question.
• Inside the small garden, there is a gnome.
• (prep phrases of 4 or more)

39
Introductory Dependent Clauses

• When I grow up,
• Before I become president,
• Since I am so short,
• Until I study for my test,

40
BETWEEN INDEPENDENT

• St. Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland,
• but he was originally British.
• St. Patrick was captured by Irish raiders, and he
  worked as a slave for 6 years.
• St. Patrick had a dream to escape, so he walked
  200 miles to the shore.