E-LEARNING STRATEGIES

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E-LEARNING STRATEGIES
World Bank Group

• Samia Melhem, Learntec 2002,
• Karlsruhe Germany, Feb 8, 2002

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Our Vision

• to become a Knowledge Bank that spurs the
  knowledge revolution in developing countries and
  acts as a catalyst for creating, sharing, and
  applying cutting edge knowledge necessary for
  poverty reduction and economic development

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Why focus on Knowledge?

• The knowledge revolution offers an opportunity
  to redraw the global economy by
• enhancing competitiveness
• offering new opportunities for economic growth
  and jobs
• better access to basic services
• increasing returns on investments in education
  and health Focus on eLearning and eHealth
• empowerment of local communities and poor people

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The Four Pillars

• I. Supporting an enabling environment
• II. Expanding access
• III. Building human capacity
• IV. Supporting research, networking and
  communities of practice

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How These Programs Fit Together

• Supporting an
• enabling
• environment
• Expanding
• Access

• Global ICT Department
• InfoDev
• World Bank and IFC lending for ICT infrastructure

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How These Programs Fit Together (cont.)

• Education portfolio
• African Virtual University
• Global Development Learning Network
• World Links for Development
• Development Gateway
• Global Development Network
• Knowledge Sharing

• Building Capacity
• Tool eLearning
• World Bank Institute
• (our institutional university)
• Supporting research, networking and communities
  of practice

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ICT and Development

• Is ICT relevant to poverty alleviation?
• Access offers major economic opportunities and
  potential for empowerment
• ICT enhances the quality, efficiency,
  transparency of public service provision
• Exclusion an economic and social burden

• Growth of ICT impressive in LDCs but digital
  divide has emerged, building on existing
  societal disparities

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ICT and Development

• Is there a role for the Public Sector?
• Privatization, strong regulation, competitive
  markets could double No. lines in poorer markets
  in Africa
• Reforms require passing (and enforcing) enabling
  legislation, and innovating in business landscape
• Regulatory agencies need competence and
  credibility
• The market, unassisted, will not provide a
  sufficient level of access today.

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Past Performance and New Challenges

• IT lending in over 80 of projects (average 1.5B
  a year) but need best practices, awareness of
  opportunities.
• About 10 Global Special initiatives infoDev,
  World Links for Development, Global Knowledge
  Partnership, etc.
• Bridging Digital Divide DOT Force (G8 Digital
  Opportunity Task Force)

WB Sectors withICT Components
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12
11
11
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Public Sector Mgmt.
Transportation
Agriculture
Education
Popultn, Hlth Nutn
Others
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Defining the Digital Divide
Share of low and lower- middle income countries
(LMICs)
Jan. 2000
Jan. 1995
18
28
Telephone main lines
5
14
Mobile subscribers
1.1
7.6
Estimated Internet Users

Source ITU World Telecommunication Indicators
Database
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Internet Divergence
Number of Internet users, millions
Developed
Developing
Source ITU.
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International Internet Bandwidth
0.4
Gbps
USA /
Canada
56
Gbps
Gbps
18
0.5
Asia /
Europe
Gbps
Pacific
3
Gbps
Gbps
0.2
Latin
Africa
America
0.1
Gbps
Note
Gbps
Gigabits (1000 Mb) per second.
Source ITU adapted from
TeleGeography
.
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Shedding different lights at a complex set of
issues
Missing Link (Maitland Report)
Global Information Infrastructure
Digital Divide
Empowerment
Knowledge
Content
Applications
Regulatory aspects
Infrastructure
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
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Bridging Divides

• Access
• Know-how
• Content

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Strategic Directions

• Broadening and Deepening Sector and Institutional
  Reforms
• Developing Information Infrastructure
• Supporting ICT Applications
• Building ICT skills and Capacity

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Broadening Sector Reform

• Broadening focus across all ICT Components
  including new areas (Internet applications such
  as E-government, Ecommerce, ELearning),
  convergence and previously overlooked sectors
  (postal, creative industries)
• Creating and enabling environment for e-commerce
  and e-government
• Strengthening Regulatory institutions to ensure
  capacity and credibility to implement sector
  reform
• Completing sector reform in countries that have
  not undergone basic market restructuring with new
  approached based on technological convergence

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Developing Information Infrastructure

• Extending Access beyond the market with WB
  support for innovative solutions such as
  public/private co-financing, universal access
  Funds community centered development
  (Telecenters) innovative solutions
• Exploiting synergies with other rural
  infrastructure projects across sectors.
• Investment branch (IFC) will focus on new
  entrants rather than incumbent operators and will
  increase investments in content and applications,
  including Internet
• infoDev e-readiness assessments of 40 countries

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Supporting ICT Applications

• Sectoral applications of ICT in areas such as
  eLearning, health, education, public sector
  management and social services
• Strategic info. systems for finance, tax,
  education, health with a move towards use of the
  Internet
• WB lending projects have, on average an ICT
  component of 8 Millions.
• Focus on Change management, training and
  retooling clients counterparts.

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Building ICT skills and Capacity

• New trend triggered by global shortage of
  technicians and IT specialists
• Identifying needs for building ICT human capacity
• Advising governments and entrepreneurs on
  developing new information industries such as
  software exports, Application development and
  hosting, remote network management, call centers.
• Lending to Education in ICT in higher education
  projects DL, eLearning, Infrastructure Content
• Investing in private ICT training institutes from
  developing nations Content and Tools
• Supporting public-private partnerships for
  technical skills education and skills transfer

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How much time left to ...

• build infrastructure ?
• train people ?
• establish trust ?
• provide a proper legal regulatory environment?

Partnerships as shortcuts
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Framework

• Building Capacity through the Education
  Portfolio
• Building the Knowledge Economy
• Higher Education in the New Economy
• Continuous and Lifelong Learning

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Potential Benefits of Incorporating ICTs in
Education

• Increased access to learning opportunities
• Improved quality of education
• Strengthened education management systems
• Shared knowledge

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Skilled Labor Force that can Create and Use
Knowledge

• Knowledge creates increasing returns, economic
  growth
• Technological revolution puts a premium on
  skilled workers
• Continuous learning becoming a necessity

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Objectives and Applications

• Access to technology
• Access to education
• Improve system
• Quality

• Computers in classrooms, curriculum, networking
  skills (Turkey)
• Distance learning, virtual schools (Brazil,
  Romania, Ghana)
• MIS (Lebanon)
• Classroom processes, teachers, curriculum
  revisions (India)

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Remaining Challenge

• Technology to transform education

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World Bank Education Work

• Education portfolio (lending and analytical)
  supports building of human capital
• 76 of new education projects include technology
  component (40 of new dollar lending)
• Distance education greatest proportion 57

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Technology in Education Lending
millions
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
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Technology in Education Projects(selected
examples)

• Turkey Computers and connectivity
• Brazil Virtual teacher certification
• Romania Distance learning for continuing
  education
• Ghana Radio broadcasting
• Jordan IT infrastructure for higher education

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IFC Invests in On-line Education

• egurucool.com
• Escola_at_24horas.com

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Messages

• Knowledge Economy
• Distance Education
• Partnership
• Next
• Enabling the Environment with Special Initiatives

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African Virtual University
To bridge the digital divide and knowledge
gap between Africa and the rest of the world by
dramatically increasing access to global
educational resources in Africa.
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AVU Academic Model
Lectures via satellite (live or taped)
AVU Site
Content Providers Worldwide
Local Learner Support
Students
Student interaction via phone and/or email
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AVU Capacity Building Activities

• Encourage research and use of ICT in African
  institutions
• Strengthen university libraries through AVUs
  digital library
• Foster shared use by students of AVU
  web-based resources
• Facilitate communication and linkages among
  academics and students in various parts of Africa
  and globally

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Results of the Pilot Phase 1997-1999

• Over 14,000 students have taken full semester
  courses in the sciences
• 3,500 seminar participants
• Web site now receives over 80,000 hits a day
• 10,000 AVU e-mail accounts are active
• Digital library with 1,100 journals

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AVU Transition

• AVU legally established in Nairobi with elected
  Board
• Financial backing from Dfid (U.K.), CIDA
  (Canada), Carnegie Foundation, World Bank

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Global Development Learning Network
To improve the development process by using
Distance Learning to connect development decision
makers to a global knowledge exchange.
Linking the World Through Learning
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Global Development Learning Network

via Distance Learning Centers (DLCs)
Courses Videoconference sessions complemented by
electronic learning and online collaboration
Videoconference Seminars
Computer-based Courses
Global Dialogues
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The Technologies
Global Development Learning Network

• Satellite Communications
• Videoconferencing
• Broadcast TV
• Broadband Internet
• E-Mail
• Video
• CD-ROM
• Face-to-Face
• Print
• Telephone/Fax

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Distance Learning Centers

• Global Network of Distance Learning Centers
  (DLCs)
• 8 Latin America
• 9 Africa
• 5 Asia
• 6 Europe
• 1 North America

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Target Audiences
Global Development Learning Network

• Decision makers in
• Government local, regional, national
• Para-government Agencies
• NGOs
• Academia
• Civil Society civic associations, teachers,
  journalists, others
• Private Sector

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GDLN Strategic Approach

• Reach wider audiences
• Offer content from a wide range of sources
• Reach a critical mass of participants to effect
  change
• Extend the reach of existing knowledge and
  learning institutions
• Network of networks

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GDLN Today

• Distance Learning Centers
• 32 today
• 50 by mid 2003
• Program Partners -- 60
• Project Partners expanding the network
• Learners -- from 40,000 to 150,000 by mid 2002
  (330,000 participant days)
• All connected via telecommunications networks

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GDLN Impacts So Far
Global Development Learning Network

• Increased knowledge sharing and improved
  decision-making through interactive learning
  (HIV/AIDS, education, ICT training)
• Enhanced country-to-country exchanges among
  experts, peers, and practitioners
• More cost-effective course delivery
• But we have a lot to learn about distance
• learning for development professionals.

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Global Development Learning Network
Opportunities for Partnership

• Provide programs that draw on development
• knowledge and experience
• Support DLCs in their own program
• development
• Set up distance learning centers
• Support GDLN Central Operations
• Network of networks tremendous outreach
  potential

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GDLN at Work

• World Links for Development
• plus
• Development Education Program
• ?
• Integrating Sustainable Development and
  Technology into Your Classroom
• An 8-week multimedia
• distance learning course

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Knowledge Sharing Networks
 
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Main Dimensions

• knowledge communities, essentially networks of
  people with
• similar interests     
• culture shift from individualistic to team
  orientated and
• based on knowledge sharing
• knowledge management system, to capture,
  organize, and
• disseminate knowledge relevant to the Banks
  business, using new technologies

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Business Case

• Business survival requires sharing knowledge
• - speed faster cycle times
• - quality better quality service
• - innovation new approaches to poverty
  reduction
• Lending cannot achieve the mission of poverty
  reduction
• - knowledge sharing brings new actors
• - access to development know-how could change
  the equation

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Communities of practices

• collections of good practice, know-how,
  statistics
• dissemination to staff, partners, clients
• seminar, workshops, clinic, advice to Task Teams
• (Technology enables sharing E-Mail, Activity
  Rooms,
• Intranet, Web, Video Conferences, Distance
  Learning)

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- Open to new ideas and continuous learning -
Shares own knowledge, learns from others, and
applies knowledge in daily work - Builds
partnerships for learning and knowledge sharing.
Changing the culture
Annual personnel evaluation
- Awards for team work - Expos/Fairs, Innovation
Marketplace - Stories underlying desired behavior

• Informal
• reward recognition

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Knowledge Networks in the Bank
K
Engagement Information
Dialogue Space
Development Statistics
External Access
Directory of Expertise
Help Desk
KS On-line
Six Regions- country information- macro data
Six Networks- 16 sectors- 100 thematic groups
Enabling Technology
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Knowledge Networks in the Bank
KS Practice
University of Toronto
Retired
ECA Region
MNA Region
DEC
Indonesiafield office
Tax policy and administration thematic group
Public expenditure review Mission Madagascar
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• - Solve development problems by sharing
  high-quality information from local, national and
  global sources, tailored to users needs by topic
  and community, quickly and easily.
• - A platform to facilitate the establishment of
  common standards for the exchange of information
  among the development community
• - Expanded opportunities for building and sharing
  knowledge and experience in and among developing
  countries

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Partnerships

• - core of the Gateway business model
• - public and private sector organizations, and
  civil society collaborators
• - partner organizations are a key element in
  content development and quality assurance
• - partners provide technology support (SAP)
• Financial support

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• Thank You!