Noncommunicable Diseases (Lifestyle Diseases)

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Noncommunicable Diseases(Lifestyle Diseases)

• Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, Diabetes

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Noncommunicable disease

• A disease that is not transmitted by another
  person, a vector, or the environment
• A disease caused by how you live your life

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Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)

• A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
• Approximately 61 million Americans have a CVD
• CVDs are responsible for 40 of all deaths in the
  US almost 1 million Americans

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Types of Cardiovascular Diseases

• Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Diseases of the
  Heart

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Hypertension

• High blood pressure
• Can damage heart, blood vessels, and other body
  organs
• Can occur at any age, but more common for people
  over the age of 35
• 23 of Americans age 20-74 have hypertension
• silent killer no symptoms at early stages
• Get BP checked regularly
• Management
• Medication, weight management, adequate physical
  activity, proper nutrition

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Atherosclerosis

• The process in which plaques accumulate on artery
  walls
• Build up of plaque causes arteries to thicken and
  lose their elasticity
• Clots can form from plaque
• If blood flow is stopped to the heart heart
  attack
• If blood flow is blocked to the brain stroke

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Heart Attack

• Blood flow is blocked to the coronary arteries
• Many are sudden and cause intense chest pain
• Common symptoms
• Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in the
  chest area
• Discomfort spreading to the arms, neck, jaw,
  upper abdomen, and back
• Chest discomfort with shortness of breath,
  lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting
• Other symptoms
• Immediate response and treatment is needed to
  treat a heart attack

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Congestive Heart Failure

• Heart gradually weakens
• Can result from high blood pressure,
  atherosclerosis, heart valve defect, or other
  factors
• Strategies for prevention healthy lifestyle and
  sometime medication

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Stroke

• Arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to
  the brain
• Severity of stroke depends on which part of the
  brain lost blood

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Why am I at risk?

• The decisions you make now will affect your
  health later in life.
• Symptoms may not show up for years

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Risk Factors for CVDs

• Controllable
• Tobacco Use
• High Blood Pressure
• High Cholesterol
• Sedentary Lifestyle
• Excessive Weight
• Stress
• Drug and Alcohol Use

• Uncontrollable
• Heredity
• Gender
• Age

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Diabetes

• A chronic disease that affects the way body cells
  convert food into energy

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Symptoms of Diabetes

• Frequent urination
• Excessive thirst
• Unexplained weight loss
• Extreme hunger
• Sudden vision changes
• Tingling in hands or feet
• Frequent fatigue
• Very dry skin
• Sores that are slow to heal
• More infections than usual

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Type 1 Diabetes

• The body does NOT make insulin glucose builds
  up in the body (high glucose levels)
• Autoimmune disease a condition in which the
  immune system mistakenly attacks itself,
  targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a
  persons own body
• Must take insulin

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Type 2 Diabetes

• Noncommunicable Disease
• Linked with obesity and a diet high in fat,
  calories, and cholesterol
• Accounts for 90-95 of all diabetes
• The body is unable to make enough insulin or use
  insulin properly
• Treatment
• Weight management, regular physical activity, and
  monitoring their diet

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Cancer

• Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

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Cancer Vocabulary

• Tumor abnormal mass of tissue that has no
  natural role in the body
• Benign non-cancerous
• Malignant cancerous
• Metastasis the spread of cancer from the point
  where it originated to other parts of the body

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Risk factors for Cancer

• Tobacco use
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Dietary Factors
• Radiation

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Detecting Cancer

• Self-examinations
• Biopsy the removal of a small piece of tissue
  for examination

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Skin Cancer - ABC's
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CAUTION

• C Change in bowel habits
• A A sore that does not heal
• U Unusual bleeding or discharge
• T Thickening or a lump
• I Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• O Obvious change in a wart or mole
• N Nagging cough or horseness

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Treating Cancer

• Surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Remission a period of time when symptoms
  disappear

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Alzheimers Disease

• Destroys brain cells, causing problems with
  memory, thinking and behavior severe enough to
  affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life.
• Your brain works like a factory
• take in supplies, generate energy, construct
  equipment and get rid of waste
• keeping everything running requires coordination
  as well as large amounts of fuel and oxygen
• In Alzheimers disease, parts of the cells
  factory stop running well
• But just like a real factory, backups and
  breakdowns in one system cause problems in other
  areas.
• The most common form of dementia
• Has no current cure