WEST AFRICA REGIONAL SANITATION AND HYGIENE SYMPOSIUM, ACCRA-GHANA FAECAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF MADINA

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WEST AFRICA REGIONAL SANITATION AND HYGIENE
SYMPOSIUM, ACCRA-GHANA FAECAL SLUDGE
MANAGEMENT THE CASE OF MADINA

• BY
• PRINCE ANTWI AGYEI, KNUST
• Co-Authors
• PROF. MRS ESI AWUAH
• MR. SAMPSON ODURO KWARTENG November 3-5, 2009

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BACKGROUND/PROBLEM STATEMENT

• No or very little in-depth field research and
  evaluation of a comprehensive faecal sludge
  management (Strauss et al (2002)
• Health and environmental hazards.
• Unacceptable latrine technologies and defaecation
  practices (open defaecation 20, unimproved
  facilities 19 , shared facilities - 51
  (WHO/UNICEF, 2008).
• Inadequate improved toilet facilities in Ghana
  15 in urban areas 6 in rural areas.
  Nationwide coverage is 10 (WHO/UNICEF, 2008)

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PROJECT OBJECTIVES

• Specific objectives
• To identify latrine technologies available in
  Madina and assess their management arrangements.
• To identify the roles and responsibilities of the
  different stakeholders in faecal sludge
  management in Madina
• To assess the cost of sanitation services and the
  cost recovery mechanisms
• To assess public perception of current faecal
  sludge management practices and the incidences of
  excreta related diseases in the Madina
  sub-district

Main objective Assessment of management
arrangements for faecal sludge in Madina
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Study Area
Study Area (Madina)
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APPROACH AND STUDY AREA
Desk Studies and Literature Reviews
Interviews with Stakeholders
Household Questionnaire Administration
(Stratified/Purposeful sampling, random sampling)
Statistical Analysis - the use of charts and
percentages
Field Observation
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Toilet Technologies (Household Level)
Defaecation Practices
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Management of excreta from Identified toilet
technologies

• Only excreta from KVIP and WC with septic tank
  were collected and transported using cesspit
  emptiers and treated using waste stabilisation
  pond.
• Excreta from the bucket/pan latrines, pit
  latrines and VIPs were collected and transported
  manually and discharged untreated into open
  drains (common during the rainy season), in the
  bush or in rivers.
• No major recycling of the excreta performed since
  the treatment plant was new and desludging of
  ponds was yet to take place.

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RELATIONSHIP AMONG KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN FAECAL
SLUDGE MGT. IN MADINA
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Management Challenges (Infrastructure)
Non-functional WC cistern
Dilapidated Public toilet
Discharge chamber outlet blocked by weeds
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Faecal sludge sprayed at improper place
Clothes given to people who soil themselves with
faeces
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Financing sanitation services and
the cost recovery mechanisms

• Average Annual financial surplus for 2No.
  34-seater WC of GH 6336 ( Income
  Expenditure),i.e. 16,560 10,224
• GH 6491 for 2No. 4-seater KVIP
• 3.87 householder average annual income on
  excreta management. (Average annual income
  expenditure of GH 1680 and GH65 respectively)
• Investment cost 5 for schools, 5 Municipal
  Assembly, 90 project. O M cost 100 for
  schools
• Charges for discharging excreta at the treatment
  plant (GH 8 for capacities more than 4500litres
  and GH 6 for capacities less than 4500litres.

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Assessment of the Incidences of Excreta
Related diseases in the Madina sub-district
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Public Perception of Faecal Sludge Management
Practices

• 65 Not Satisfied, 32 Satisfied
• Main problem Failure to implement sanitation
  bye-laws (28) out of 8 problems 91 favours
  prosecution
• Major problem faced by users of public toilets
  Odour Fly nuisance (8)
• Highest motivation of preference of household
  toilets to public toilets Privacy (26) out of
  about 8. 97 preference.

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CONCLUSIONS

• The study concludes that inadequate promotion of
  household latrines and awareness creation on
  improper sanitation practices, failure to
  implement the sanitation bye-laws , high cost of
  faecal sludge management in schools and at
  households and the low priority on sanitation by
  the Municipality were the main causes of the
  ineffective faecal sludge management in Madina.

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Recommendations

• Promotion of household toilets, Education and
  awareness creation on good sanitation practices
  and Enforcement of Sanitation bye-laws and
  building code regulations by the Municipal
  Assembly.
• Integrated approach of stakeholder (including
  beneficiaries) participation in all phases of
  sanitation service delivery.
• Training and certification of public toilet
  operators by the Municipality for effective
  operation and maintenance of the toilets.
• Assessment of the performance of the TMA
  treatment plant for possible recycling and reuse.

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• THANK YOU