PAIN THERAPY BY ACUPUNCTURE IN SPORT HORSES

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PAIN THERAPY BY ACUPUNCTURE IN SPORT HORSES

• Francesco LONGO () Margherita GAZZOLA ()
• () Veterinary Surgeon, Repr. Spec.
• It.V.A.S. SIAV
• longo.agovet_at_katamail.com
• () Veterinary Surgeon, Anim. Health Spec.
• It.V.A.S. SIAV
• marghegaz_at_yahoo.com
• www.siav-itvas.org

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• THE TRADITIONAL CHINESE VETERINARY MEDICINE
• (TCVM)
• HAS A THOUSAND YEARS
• HISTORY IN PREPARING
• HORSES TO SPORT
• COMPETITION

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• IN HIPPIATRICS THERE IS A CONSOLIDATED SYSTEM OF
  DIAGNOSTIC ACUPOINTS
• ?
• IT IS POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY THE ORGANS INVOLVED IN
  THE DISORDER OR THE SEAT OF LIMB DISEASE
• ?
• IT IS THUS PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN SPORT MEDICINE

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• E.C.I.W.O. (Embryo Containing the Information of
  the Whole Organism) THEORY
• ?
• TING POINTS (WHICH ARE AMONG THE ANTIQUE SHU
  POINTS WU SHU)
• BEI SHU POINTS
• MU POINTS
• POINTS ON THE EAR
• ?
• DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
• ?
• PALPATION EXAM

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• IT IS ESSENTIAL TO FORMULATE A CORRECT
• ENERGY DIAGNOSIS
• ?
• THE STATE CRITERIA
• CONDITIONS OF EXCESS OR DEFICIENCY EXPRESS
  THROUGH PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL SIGNS

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• TREATMENT ACUPOINTS ARE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF
  THE TRADITIONAL INDICATION REGARDING THEIR ENERGY
  AS WELL AS EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE
• ?
• THEIR ACTION MANIFEST ITSELF AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
• ?
• ANTALGIC
• ANTI INFLAMMATORY
• NEUROENDOCRINE
• TROPHIC
• VASOMODULATOR ACTIVITY
• ?
• INTEGRATED SYSTEM THAT ELICITIS SPECIFIC
  FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES

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• DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE (CHINESE NEEDLES)
• HYDROACUPUNCTURE / HAEMOACUPUNCTURE
• ELECTROACUPUNCTURE
• LASERPUNCTURE
• MOXIBUSTION
• TUINA (CHINESE MASSAGE)

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• DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE (CHINESE NEEDLES)

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• DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS
• ?
• HYDROACUPUNCTURE and HAEMOACUPUNCTURE

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• DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS
• ?
• MOXIBUSTION
• Artemisia vulgaris
• Artemisia argyi
• Artemisia sinensis

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• DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS
• ?
• PLUM BLOSSOM

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• DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS
• ?
• ELECTROACUPUNCTURE

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• DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS
• ?
• ELECTROACUPUNCTURE

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• DIFFERENT WAYS OF STIMULATING ACUPOINTS
• ?
• TUINA (CHINESE MASSAGE)

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• RECURRENT LAMENESS
• A SPECIFIC JOINT SEGMENT WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECT
  TO A PRIOR PHLOGISTIC PROCESS IS PERIODICALLY
  AFFECTED BY INFLAMMATION

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• RECURRENT LAMENESS
• ACUPUNCTURE MODIFIES THE ENGRAMS PATTERNS OF
  COOPERATION BETWEEN NERVE BUNDLES AT CNS LEVEL
• ?
• IT HEALS PERSISTENT DISORDERS
• ?
• TRADITONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• NEIGUAN HOUXI
• ?
• THEY TREAT CHRONIC and RECURRENT DISEASES
• ?
• CHANGE IN THE ENGRAMS
• ?
• RETURN TO A NORMAL STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL
  CONDITION

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• OSTEOARTHRITIS
• PERIODIC RELAPSES ACCOMPANIED BY PAIN AND
  LIMITATION OF MOVIMENT
• ?
• TRADITONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• DAZHU HUANTIAO
• ?
• MODIFY BONE METABOLISM
• LOCAL APPLICATION OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE
• ?
• HIGHLY EFFECTIVE

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• NAVICULAR DISEASE
• COMPLEX SYNDROME THAT STARTS AS A PODOTROCLEAR
  BURSITIS
• ?
• PROGRESSIVE INFLAMMATION
• ?
• DEGENERATIVE and EROSIVE LESIONS OF THE
  FIBROCARTILAGE

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• NAVICULAR DISEASE
• EARLY STAGES OF THE DISEASE
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• ELETTROACUPUNCTURE
• QIAN TI MEN MING TANG

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• NAVICULAR DISEASE
• IN ADVANCED FORMS OF THE DISEASE
• ?
• LASERPUNCTURE
• ?
• SIGNIFICANT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY and ANALGESIC
  EFFECTS
• ?
• IT PROMOTES TISSUE GROWTH AND INCREASES
  CIRCULATION and MICROCIRCULATION

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• NAVICULAR DISEASE
• LASER STIMULATION HAS AN IMPORTANT EFFECT
• ?
• A MARKED DROP (50) IN LEVELS OF ENDOGENOUS
  CORTISOL
• ?
• LOWER STATE OF STRESS PRODUCED IN ALL OF HORSES

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• NAVICULAR DISEASE

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• BIOMECHANICALLY THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IS CRUCIAL
  FOR ALL OF THE HORSES MOVEMENTS
• IN TCVM THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN IS IN THE PATH OF
  THE DU MAI CURIOUS MERIDIAN
• ?
• SPECIFIC ACUPOINTS ARE USED ACCORDING TO THE
  REGION INVOLVED

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• CERVICAL REGION
• VERTEBRAL SUBLUXATIONS
• (WOBBLER SYNDROME)
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• JIU WEI

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• THORACIC REGION
• SPECIFIC MOVIMENTS
• ?
• FLEXION
• EXTENSION
• LATEROFLEXTION
• ROTATION
• TRANSLATION
• STERNUM FUNCTION
• DIAPHRAGM FUNCTION
• ?
• SUBLUXATIONS
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• ELECTROACUPUNCTURE
• DU MAI ACUPOINTS
• URINARY BLADDER ACUPOINTS
• HWATO JIAJI (Paravertebral Acupoints)

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• LUMBAR REGION
• IT IS CONSIDERED AS THE SOURCE OF MOVEMENT FOR
  THE WHOLE ANIMAL
• IT PRODUCES TWO FUNDAMENTAL FLEXION and EXTENSION
  MOVEMENTS

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• LUMBAR REGION
• CHRONIC LUMBAR PAIN SYNDROME
• ?
• BI SYNDROME CAUSED BY BLOCKED QI (Energy) and
  XUE (Blood) CIRCULATION

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• LUMBAR REGION
• INITIALLY
• ?
• INVOLVEMENT OF MUSCLES (Dorsal Longissimus
  Lumbodorsal Fascia)
• ?
• INVOLVEMENT OF FASCIA LATA TENSOR
• ?
• ALTERATION IN MOVEMENT
• ?
• CONTINUING CONTRACTION
• MISALIGNMENT OF THE VERTEBRAL BODIES
• ?
• EFFECT ON GAIT

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• LUMBAR REGION
• CHRONIC LUMBAR PAIN SYNDROME
• ?
• TRADITIONAL TREATMENT
• ?
• MOXA (Placed in Wooden Box)
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• ELECTROACUPUNCTURE
• WEIZHONG
• WUSHU
• YANGLINGQUAN
• MINGMEN
• GUANYUAN

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• SACRAL REGION
• ITS FUNCTION PERMIT OSCILLATION OF THE ILIUM
• ?
• TRANSMISSION OF MOVEMENT TOWARDS L 6
• ?
• IT MUST ALLOW THE COCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE TO FUNCTION
  AS A RUDDER FOR THE ENTIRE COLUMN
• ?
• AS IT ACTS AS A AILERON
• ?
• THE SACRUM CAN BE SUBJECT TO MALPOSITIONING
• ?
• EFFECTS ON THE ROCKING MOTION OF THE PELVIS
• ?
• EFFECT ON GAIT

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• SACRAL REGION
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• ZAO BAIHUI
• SHANGLIAO
• CILIAO
• ZHONGLIAO
• XIALIAO

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• COCCYGEAL REGION
• THE APPARENTLY RANDOM MOVEMENTS OF THE TAIL
• ?
• ENTIRE COLUMN IS MOBILIZED
• TRAUMATIC INJURIES
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• WEI GEN WEI BEN WEI JIAN

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• ENDOCRINE SYNDROME
• IT AFFECTS COMPETITION MARES
• CAUSES
• ?
• STRESS FROM TRAINING
• COMPETITONS
• RIGIDLY CONTROLLED DIET
• LACK OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY
• USE OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• ENDOCRINE SYNDROME
• LUMBAR PAIN THAT RADIATES TO THE HINDLIMB
• LUMBOSACRAL and COCCYGEAL AREAS EXTREMELY
  SENSITIVE
• RIGID MOVEMENTS
• PAIN and TENSION
• IN THE PARALUMBAR
• FOSSA
• INVOLVEMENT
• OF THE NECK

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• ACUTE and CHRONIC DORSAL PAIN
• ENDOCRINE SYNDROME
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• SHENSHU
• JINGMEN
• MINGMEN
• YANGCHI
• JINGMING
• ZHIYIN
• HYDROACUPUNCTURE / HAEMOACUPUNCTURE
• SHENSHU
• TRANSRECTAL MASSAGE
• STRETCHING TUINA

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• POSTOPERATIVE and VISCERAL PAIN
• TREATMENT SHOULD BE PREVENTIVE BEFORE THE
  SURGICAL PROCEDURE
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• TREATMENT POSTOPERATIVE
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• ELECTROACUPUNCTURE

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• MYOFASCIAL PAIN
• ABNORMALITIES OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS CAUSE
• ?
• LIMITED CONTRACTION
• STIFFNESS
• HARDENING
• IN THE MUSCLES
• TRIGGER POINTS
• ?
• AS A MEANS OF PROTECTING AFFECTED ORGAN

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• MYOFASCIAL PAIN
• CUTANEUS STIMULATION OF THESE AREAS INFLUENCES
  THE CONDITION OF THE INTERNAL ORGAN THROUGH
  MEDULLARY NERVES
• ?
• PERISTALTIC MOVEMENTS
• ORGAN CONTRACTION
• INCREASE LIVER PERFUSION
• HORMONE SECRETION
• ?
• DISAPPEARANCE OF THE TENSION AT THE TRIGGER POINTS

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• MYOFASCIAL PAIN
• TREATMENT OF THE TRIGGER POINT
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• HYDROACUPUNCTURE
• TREATMENT OF THE AFFECTED ORGAN
• ?
• TRADITIONAL ACUPUNCTURE
• HYDROACUPUNCTURE
• (VIA SOMATOTYPE USUALLY BEI SHU POINTS)

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• AIM OF WORK
• THE AUTHORS HAVE ASSESSED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
  EACH WAY OF STIMULATING THE ACUPOINTS FOR EACH OF
  CLINICAL CONDITION
• ?
• ACCORDING TO CLINICAL EXPERIENCES IT IS POSSIBLE
  INFER
• ?

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• RESULTS

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• REFERENCES
• American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists
  (2006) Position paper on the treatment of pain
  in animals www.acva.org/professional/Position/pai
  n.htm
• Canavesio E., Giommi D., Longo F. (2002)
  Produzione di cortisolo endogeno mediante
  limpiego della laserpuntura Rivista Italiana di
  Medicina Tradizionale Cinese n. 90 (4) ottobre
  dicembre 2002, Civitanova Marche
• Cantwell S.L. (2010) TCVM The Mechanism and
  Management of Acupuncture for Chronic Pain
• Gazzola M. (2007) Impiego dellagopuntura nel
  cavallo geriatrico http//www.siav-itvas.org/ital
  iano/clinica-pratica/2009/AGOPUNTURA_CAVALLO_GERIA
  TRICO.pdf
• Longo F. (2002) Lesame della palpazione in
  agopuntura veterinaria Yi Dao Za Zhi, n. 18
  ottobre 2002 Laveno Mombello
• Longo F. (2006) La malattia cronica in medicina
  tradizionale cinese Atti del 53 Congresso
  Nazionale S.C.I.V.A.C. 27-30 Maggio 2006,
  Rimini, 226-227
• Longo F. (2004) Formule magistrali in agopuntura
  veterinaria Atti del 48 Congresso Nazionale
  S.C.I.V.A.C. 27-30 Maggio 2004, Rimini, 226227
• Longo F. (2007) Medicina Veterinaria
  Tradizionale Cinese in P. Pignattelli Medicina
  Veterinaria Non Convenzionale Edagricole Il
  Sole 24 Ore, Bologna, 115-153
• Longo F., Canavesio E., Giommi D.W. (2003)
  Effetti antistress dellagopuntura nel cavallo
  in Longo Agopuntura Veterinaria Evidenze
  Cliniche GMT2000, Laveno Mombello
• Longo F.(2006) Diagnosi e terapia delle
  patologie ortopediche nel cavallo in Atti del I
  Congresso V.A.M., 29 30/Set 1/Ott 2006,
  Barcelona
• Longo F. (2007) Gestione della riproduzione
  equina mediante agopuntura in Atti del II
  Congresso V.A.M., 28 30/Set 2007, Nice
• Longo F. (2008) Tai Yang e Du Mai  movimento e
  cute nel cavallo in Atti del III Congresso
  V.A.M., 25 27 Aprile 2008, Mallorca
• Mayr G., Longo F. (2010) Il trattamento delle
  ferite mediante agopuntura in Atti del workshop
  wound care in veterinaria stato dellarte e
  proposte per il futuro, II congresso A.I.U.C.
  Laboratorio Ulcere Cutanee, 17 Aprile 2010,
  Padova
• Shaojiu L. (2005) Akupunktur bei Neurologischesn
  Störungen, Urban Fischer München Jena
• Trotter G.W. (2008) Acupuncture Application in
  Performance Horse Practice Veterinary European
  Equine Meeting, Venice Cremona 2008
• Wennerstrand J. et alii (2004) Kinematics
  Evaluation of the back in the Sport Horse with
  back pain Equine Vet Journal

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PAIN THERAPY BY ACUPUNCTURE IN SPORT HORSES

• Francesco LONGO - Margherita GAZZOLA
• ??
• www.siav-itvas.org