Chapter 17 Russias Varied Landscape: Physical Processes at Work

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Chapter 17Russias Varied Landscape
Physical Processes at Work
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I. Geoterms

• A. Erosion - The gradual wearing away of Earths
  surface by the action of wind, water, ice and
  gravity.
• B. Glaciation - The creation and movement of
  glaciers
• C. Physical Processes - Natural forces that
  change Earths physical features, including
  forces that build up and wear down Earths
  surface.
• D. Tectonic Movement - The movement of plates
  below Earths surface.
• E. Volcanic Activity - The formation and
  eruption of volcanoes.

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II. Geographic Setting

• A. Inside Planet Earth
• 1. Scientists believe the Earth was formed 4
  billion years ago.
• 2. The Earth is made of layers
• a. the core is at the center and is made of
  solid and liquid iron.
• b. the mantle is the large rock layer
• c. the crust is the outer layer of the Earth

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• B. Forces Below the Crust Build up Land
• 1. Tectonic movement under the Earth cause
  movement on the surface. The movement can build
  up mountain ranges and create earthquakes.
• 2. Volcanoes are caused by activity below the
  Earths surface. When an eruption occurs the
  Earth is changed.

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• C. Forces Above the Crust Wear Down the Land
• 1. Two processes causes the wearing down of
  the Earth
• a. Glaciation, the movement of large ice
  masses
• b. Erosion, water, wind, ice and gravity.

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III. How Tectonic Movement Shapes Earth

• A. The Continents and Oceans Rest on Plates
• 1. The Earth rests on huge tectonic plates
  that act like rafts on the Earths liquid
  mantle. 2. The plates move in three ways
  away , toward and across each other.
• 3. Plates may get stuck and when released a
  large amount of energy is given off in the
  form of an earthquake

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• B. The Movement of Plates Creates Mountains
• 1. Mountains are created when plates
  collide.
• 2. Fold form mountains are created when the
  crust is folded or wrinkled.
• 3. Fault-block mountains are created when
  parts of the crust are cracked into huge blocks

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Fold form mountains
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Fault-block mountains
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• Transparency 17B
• Complete 17.3 notes on page 124

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IV. Signs of Tectonic Movement in Russia

• A. Ural Mountains
• 1. Fold form mountains formed because of the
  collision of two tectonic plates.
• 2. The Urals form the dividing line between
  Europe and Asia.

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Urals
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• B. Caucasus Mountains
• 1. Fold fault mountains that stretch between
  the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea
• 2. Mt Elbrus is the highest peak in the
  Caucasus Mountains.

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Mt Elbrus
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• C. West Sayan Mountains
• 1. Fault-block mountains in southern
  Siberia.
• 2. Steep ridges and exposed layers of rock
  typify its upper slopes

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West Sayan Mts
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V. How Volcanic Activity Shapes Earth

• A. Volcanoes Form Below Earths Surface
• 1. Molten magma pushes its way to the
  earths surface through cracks.
• 2. Volcanoes often occur along the edges of
  plates.

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• B. Volcanic Explosions Alter the Landscape
• 1. Some volcanic eruptions are quiet
  involving oozing and spraying of lava.
• 2. Other eruptions may take the form of a
  violent explosion

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• Transparency 17C
• Complete question 17.5 on page 124

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VI. Signs of Volcanic Activity in Russia

• A. The Kliuchevskoi Volcano
• 1. On the Kachatka Peninsula, Kliuchevskoi
  is Russias most active volcano
• 2. In 1994 it erupted with tremendous force
  causing lava flows and mudslides

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• B. The Maly Semyachik Volcano
• 1. On the Kamchatka Peninsula
• 2. Troitsky crater has warm blue water on
  the top

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• C. The Krenitsyn Volcano
• 1. On the Kuril Island Chain
• 2. An eruption left a hole on the base which
  has formed into Ring Lake.

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VII. How Erosion Shapes the Landscape

• A. Wind, Water, Ice and Gravity Cause Erosion
• 1. Wind moves earth by picking up tiny bits of
  dirt and moving it to other places
• 2. Water carries earth by carrying it
  downstream and creating v-shaped valleys.
• 3. Glacial ice scrapes the sides of canyons an
  pushes earth in the direction of the glacier.
• 4. Any earth that is not firmly attached to the
  Earth can be moved by gravity, downhill.

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• B. Floods Build Up Land
• 1. Floods carry earth along by water.
• 2. After the waters have retreated nutrient
  rich soil is left behind.

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VIII. Signs of Erosion in Russia

• A. The Volga River
• 1. The Volga runs South and carries tons of
  sediment to the Caspian Sea.
• 2. When the Volga floods it leaves sediment
  along its sides.

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Volga River Delta
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• B. The Amur River
• 1. Flows through eastern Siberia and
  empties into the Sea of Okhotsk.
• 2. The foods of the Amur causes rich earth
  to be deposited into agricultural plains
  helping farmers.

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Amur River
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• C. The Lena River
• 1. Flows North into the Arctic Sea.
• 2. Seasonally, the river is backed up by ice
  and flooding occurs.

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Lena River
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IX. How Glaciation Shapes the Landscape

• A. Two Kinds of Glaciers
• 1. Continental Glaciers are huge, thick ice
  sheets that form in cold climates.
• 2. Alpine glaciers form high in the
  mountains.

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• B. Glaciers Reshape the Land as They Move
• 1. Continental glaciers erode the land as
  they move outward. They pick up soil and
  deposit as moraines.
• 2. Alpine glaciers scrape U-shaped valleys as
  they get pulled down hill.

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• Transparency 17E
• Complete 17.9 question on page 125

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X. Signs of Glaciation in Russia

• A. The Kolka Glacier In the Caucasus Mountains
  caused an avalanche dammed rivers and created new
  lakes.
• B. The Amanaussky Glacier is creating a huge
  valley between two mountain ridges.
• C. The Glaciated Yamal Peninsula has melt water
  that fills holes left by the glacier

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XI. Beginning to Think Globally

• Four processes shape the Earth tectonic
  movement, volcanic activity, erosion and
  glaciation. All four processes have helped to
  shape Russia, the Worlds largest country.