Wood Recycling

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Wood Recycling

• Used wood, like paper, is a valued economic and
  raw material asset
• The American Forest Paper Association (AFPA)
  developed the National Wood Recycling Directory
• Already having surpassed a national paper
  recovery goal of 40, AFPA is leading a new
  effort to recover 50 for recycling and reuse
• LETS MAKE IT GLOBAL

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Paper Recycling

• The Sustainable Forest Initiative in the US and
  Canada
• In 2005, a record 51.5 percent of the paper
  consumed in the U.S. (51.3 million tons) was
  recovered for recycling.
• The goal is 55 percent recovery by 2012.
• LETS MAKE IT GLOBAL

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Case Study -  Ecopapel

• Ecopapel began in the coastal city of Bahía de
  Caráquez, Ecuador, as a means of using a waste
  product to create ethical, alternative employment
  for impoverished families affected by
  environmental degradation mangrove destruction
  and dry tropical forest destruction.
• The project recycles waste paper into beautifully
  designed paper and cards complete with hand
  applied dried flowers.

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Global Paper and Wood Recycling Program

• Implement fines for not recycling enforced by
  each country
• Develop a global industry connected to paper and
  wood recycling
• Will provide new jobs
• Will slow down the speed of Forest destruction

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Economic Value of Natural Resources

• The economic concept of value is human driven
  meaning that goods and services are not
  considered to have value unless humans place
  value on them
• Intrinsic value - environmental resources have
  value regardless of whether or not humans place
  values on them.
• Economic valuations of forest goods and services
  are based on the notion of willingness to pay
  which, in turn, is based on the measurement of
  individuals' preferences,

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http//ww.cserge.ucl.ac.uk/Value_of_Forests.pdf
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Changes in Carbon with Land use conversion
http//www.cserge.ucl.ac.uk/Value_of_Forests.pdf
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Carbon Trading

• Carbon markets have existed since 1989 and refer
  to the sums of money that corporations and
  governments have been willing to invest in order
  to sequester carbon or prevent its emission.
• More sophisticated markets with better emissions
  trading schemes need to develop (i.e. through the
  Kyoto Protocol)
• If there are no limitations placed on worldwide
  carbon trading, carbon credits will exchange at
  just under 10 per tC
• When applying carbon-trading prices. Values of
  2000/ha can be reached for closed primary and
  secondary forest.

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New Laws

• Brazil's Congress recently approved a new public
  forest concessions law as an important step to
  fight illegal deforestation and to better manage
  public forests for sustainable production.

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Slowing the destruction

• 1995 was record year for amount of land cleared.
  Studies show that the rate has then increased,
  but has decreased over the past 2 years

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New Laws

• A National Forest Development Fund will also be
  created to manage funds derived from managing the
  public forest concession. The Forest Fund will
  receive 70 per cent of all income, with the other
  30 per cent going to IBAMA, the country's
  official environmental agency, to be used for
  patrolling activities.
• Increased funding will allow more patrols to
  crackdown on illegal activates within the
  Brazilian Amazon region.

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New Laws

• The proposed law will now go to the Brazilian
  Senate for final approval. If all goes as
  expected, the first concessions may be signed in
  the second semester of 2006.
• http//www.panda.org/news_facts/newsroom/news/inde
  x.cfm?uNewsID21811

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Increase Crop Productivity

• Increasing productivity of cleared rainforest
  lands is possible using improved technology to
  generate higher yielding crops.
• Use hybridized crops that grow better in degraded
  rain forest soils. This make the plots viable for
  a longer period. Also, crop rotation could be
  used to replace lost nutrients

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Rehabilitate Cleared Lands

• The restoration of entire ecosystems is most
  possible in regions where parts or at least
  remnants of the original forest still remain and
  there are few human population pressures.
• Small clearings surrounded by forest recover
  quickly and large sections may recover in time
  with some assistance in the reforestation
  process. 14

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Rehabilitate Cleared Lands

• After several years, a once barren field can once
  again support vegetation in the form of pioneer
  species and secondary growth. Although the
  secondary forest will be low in diversity and
  poorly developed, the forest cover will be
  adequate for some species to return (assuming
  they still exist). In addition, the newly
  forested patch can be used for the sustainable
  harvest of forest products and low intensity
  logging.

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Protection and Management of Remaining Forests

• The United Nations Conference on the Environment
  and Development (UNCED) endorsed the goal that
  nations protect 12 of their area to conserve the
  natural flora and fauna. Although agreed to in
  principle, this good intention still falls far
  short of being a reality.
• Greater support is needed
• Adopt joint forest management and/or model forest
  approaches
• Ex. India, Zimbabwe, and Honduras have developed
  new approaches to resource-sharing and
  co-management. (Agreements between the government
  and the local communities)

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Agro-forestry

• Practice of growing trees with agricultural crops
  or livestock on the same parcel of land
• Examples windbreaks and hedgerows
• Proven itself to be an effective tool for
  improving land use and for increasing overall
  agricultural productivity
• Particularly appropriate for resource-poor
  farmers who cannot afford the escalating cost of
  fertilizers, pesticides, improved seeds, and
  other modern farm inputs
• Many agroforestry extension projects have
  successfully increased crop production by 25 to
  100 percent by using multipurpose trees to arrest
  soil erosion, enhance soil fertility, and provide
  a favourable micro-climate for crops and
  livestock

attra.ncat.org
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Works Cited

• American Forest and Paper Association
• The Value of Forest Ecosystems
• http//www.riomuchacho.com/html/ecopapeleng.html
• http//www.cserge.ucl.ac.uk/Value_of_Forests.pdf
• CIDA Forestry Advisors Network -
  http//www.rcfa-cfan.org/english/issues.12-7.html