Istvan Balyi - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Istvan Balyi

Description:

Istvan Balyi – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:816
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 90
Provided by: LizH48
Learn more at: http://www.fivb.org
Category:
Tags: balyi | istvan | kemp

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Istvan Balyi


1

LTAD 101 Long-Term Athlete/Player Development
Istvan Balyi National Sport Centre Vancouver
Victoria Sport Canada and sportscoahUK LTAD
Advisor
2
Objectives
  • Review the concept of LTAD
  • Why LTAD?
  • 10 Key factors influencing LTAD
  • Describe the various stages of LTAD
  • Review the windows of trainability during
    childhood and adolescence

3
  • If you want to teach latin to Johnny, you have to
    know latin and you have to know Johnny
  • If you want to teach Volleyball to Johnny, you
    have to know Volleyball and you have to know
    Johnny
  • We know Volleyball very well BUT we do not know
    Johnny or Jane from age 9 to 16 PERIOD!!!

4
LTAD is
  • Optimal training, competition and recovery
    programming with relation to biological
    development and maturation
  • Equal opportunity for recreation and competition,
    it is not an elitist model
  • Athlete centred, coach driven and administration,
    sport science and sponsor supported

5
The Big Picture
  • The health and well-being of the nation and
    medals won at major games is a simple by-product
    of an effective sport system

1-2
6
What is LTAD ?
  • LTAD is not just another plan (for the files)
  • LTAD is a philosophy
  • LTAD is a too for change, culture change in
    sport
  • Identifies the current gaps in the sport system
    and provides guidelines for problem solving

7
LTAD
  • Is a guide for planning for optimal performance
    for all stages of athlete development
  • Is a framework for full sport system alignment
    and integration
  • It is designed on empirical / practical coaching
    experiences and on scientific principles

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
SevenStagesof Long-TermAthlete Development
  • Active Start

FUNdamental
Learning to Train
Training to Train
Training to Compete
Training to Win
Active for Life
13
Active Start StageChronological/ Development
AgeMales and Females 0-6
  • Fundamental
  • Movements
  • Gymnastics
  • Swimming
  • Running
  • (Wheeling)

14
FUNdamental StageChronological/ Development
AgeMales 6-9 and Females 6-8
  • Fundamental
  • Movements
  • Skills

15
Learning to Train StageChronological/
Development AgeMales 9-12 Females 8-11
Fundamental Sport Skills
16
Physical LiteracyFirst 3 stages of LTAD Before
the onset of PHV
  • Fundamental Movement skill
  • Fundamental Sport Skills
  • Physical Literacy
  • Base for Excellence Participation

17
Training to TrainDevelopmental Age onset of
PHV Males 12-16 Females 11-15
Building engine and sport specific skills
18
Training to CompeteChronologicalMales 16-23
/- Females 15-21 /-
  • Optimizing engine
  • and
  • sport / event / position skills

19
Training to WinChronological Age Males 19 /-
Females 18 /-
  • Maximizing engine
  • and
  • event / position skills
  • PODIUMS

20
Active for LifeEnter at any age
  • Healthy Life-long Physical
  • Activity

21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
Universal Sport System Gaps (
Mind the gap ! )
24
Selected Universal Sport System Gaps
  • Young developmental athletes undertrain and
    overcompete
  • Adult competition schedule is superimposed on
    young athletes (the system of competition)
  • Adult training programmes are superimposed on
    young athletes
  • Male programmes are superimposed on females

25
Selected Universal Sport System Gaps
  • Chronological age versus biological age (or
    maturation level) dominates training and
    competition designs from ages 11 to 16
  • The "critical" or "sensitive periods of
    accelerated adaptation to training are not
    utilized by coaches at the Learning to Train or
    Training to Train stage

26
Universal sport system gaps
  • The most knowledgeable coaches are coaching at
    elite level, notwithstanding the most
    knowledgeable coaches should work at the
    developmental level (FUNdamental, Learning to
    Train and Training to Train Stages)
  • Coaching education marginally covers the basic
    issues of growth and development, maturation

27
Universal sport system gaps
  • Parent's education is neglected with regards to
    long-term athlete development (nutrition,
    regeneration, maturation and psycho-social
    development, etc...)
  • Administrators education is neglected with
    regards to some of the essentials of technical
    programmes (The Big Picture)
  • Recover, regeneration programmes are not
    integrated and sequenced with sport-specific
    technical / tactical programmes within annual
    plans
  • Lack of the integration of sport science, sport
    medicine and sport-specific technical-tactical
    activities

28
Universal sport system gaps
Consequences
  • Overcompetition and undertraining
  • Damage done between age 6-10 and 10-16 cannot be
    fully corrected (players / athletes will never
    reach genetical potential)
  • General motor skills are not learned before age
    11 for females and 12 for males

29
Universal sport system gaps
Consequences
  • Training is geared for "outcome" and not for
    "process" for the developmental athlete
  • National Training Centres receiving mediocre
    athletes - regardless of money and expertise,
    cannot recover from the "damages" of earlier
    training

30
10 Key Factors Influencing LTAD (Balyi, Ross
Way - 2005)
  • 1. Ten year rule
  • 2. FUNdamentals / Physical Literacy
  • 3. Specialization
  • 4. Developmental Age
  • 5. Windows of Trainability

6. Mental / Cognitive / Emotional Development 7.
Periodization Principles 8. System Alignment and
Integration 9. The System of Competition 10.
Continuous improvement
31
Factor 1.10 year rule !
  • It takes 10 years of extensive practice to excel
    in anything !
  • H. Simon Nobel Laureate

32
10 - 10 - 10
  • 10 year or 10 000 hour rule (Ericsson and
    Charness, 1994 and Salmela et al., 1999)
  • For the athlete and coach this translates as
    slightly more than three hours of deliberate
    practice daily for 10 years
  • 10
  • 90 ???

33
Factor 2. FUNdamentals
34
  • FUNdamental movement skills (FMS)
  • FUNdamental sports skills (FSS)
  • FMS FSS Physical literacy
  • Before age 11 for females and 12 for males

35
(No Transcript)
36
What Fundamentals?
Fundamental Movement Skills C. Hanford 2005
37
CANT CATCH?
C. Hanford, 2005
38
Cant Catch? Wont play!
39
Factor 3Specialisation
  • 3.2.Late Specialisation Sports
  • All other sports are late specialisation sports
  • Specialising early in a late specialisation sport
    contributes to one sided preparation, injuries,
    early burnout and early retirement
  • 3.1. Early Specialisation Sports
  • Gymnastics
  • Rhythmic Gymnastics
  • Figure Skating
  • Diving
  • Swimming (age 8)
  • Others?

40
The Big PictureLate Specialisation Sports
Generic Model
Talent ID
  • Active Start - FUNdamental
    Movements (0-6)
  • FUNdamental Stage - FUNdamental motor
    skills
    (6-8 females / 6-9 males)
  • Learning to Train - FUNdamental sports
    skills
    (8- 11 females / 9-12 males)
  • Training to Train - Building the
    "engine" and
    sport specific skills
    (11-15 females /
    12-16 males)
  • Training to Compete - Optimising "engine"
    and
    sport / event / position specific skills
    (15-21/-
    females / 16-23/- males)
  • Training to Win - Maximising
    "engine" and
    sport / event / position specific
    skills (18 females / 19 males)
  • Retaining

Many
Screening
3
Selection
2
Specialisation
1
Further specialisation
High performance
41
LTAD - Reversed procedure
  • First we make a player and after we want to make
    an athlete out of the player ?
  • We have to make an athlete first and make a
    player out of the athlete !

42
Factor 4. Growth Development, Maturation
43
Chronological age biological age /
developmental age
  • Training and competition is based on
    chronological age
  • Athletes can be 4 - 5 years apart by maturation
    levels

44
How old is a 13 year old ?
45
How old is a 14 year old ?
46
Irish boxers 14 years old 60kg., 40 kg., and
50 kg.
47
(No Transcript)
48
  • Peak Height Velocity
  • Adolescent growth spurt

49
  • Peak Height Velocity
  • Adolescent growth spurt

50
Training and Children(C. Williams, 2005)
Consequences of the Growth Spurt
  • Poor evidence of large physiological benefits
    studies in children
  • Growth and maturation effects often unaccounted
  • Improvements have been found but generally
    prepubertal lt adolescents lt adults

Growth spurt
  • Loss of co-ordination
  • Biomechanical breakdown
  • Skill break down

51
(No Transcript)
52
Choosing early,average or late maturers?
53
Measuring and interpreting PHV( How to PHV ? )
54
Factor 5
Trainability
F T2T T2C T2W
55
The Five Ss of Training and Performance(Dick,
1985)
  • Stamina (Endurance)
  • Strength
  • Speed
  • Skill
  • Suppleness

56
The Trainability of the Five SsStamina
  • Always trainable
  • Critical window of accelerated adaptation to
    aerobic training begins with the onset of PHV
  • Age 10 11 for females
  • Age 12 - 13 for males
  • Monitoring maturation to identify onset
  • Females
  • Males

57
The Trainability of the Five SsStrength
  • Always trainable
  • Critical window of accelerated adaptation to
    strength training
  • Window 1 for females immediately after PHV
  • Window 2 for females with the onset of menarche
  • 12 18 month after PHV for males

58
(No Transcript)
59
  • Strength training before maturation is Central
    Nervous System training and motor coordination
    improvements
  • Medicine balls
  • Swiss balls
  • Own body weight

60
The Trainability of the Five SsSpeed
  • Always trainable but declines with age
  • Critical window of accelerated adaptation to
    speed training
  • Males
  • Window 1 7 - 9 years of age
  • Window 2 13 16 years of age
  • Females
  • Window 1 6 8 years of age
  • Window 2 11 13 years of age
  • (Chronological age)

61
  • Window 1 is agility, quickness window.
  • Change of direction, linear, lateral and multi
    directional speed
  • Segmental speed
  • Duration of intervals less then 5 seconds
  • Window 2 is anaerobic alactic power and capacity
    window
  • Linear, lateral, multi directional and chaotic
    speed
  • Duration of intervals 5 20 seconds

62
The Trainability of the Five SsSkill
  • Always trainable but significantly declines with
    age
  • Window of accelerated adaptation to motor
    coordination
  • Age 8 11 females
  • Age 9 12 males
  • Early and late specialisation sports
  • The importance of transitional skills

63
Review Article Rushall, B. The Growth of
Physical Characteristics in Male and Female
Children. In Sports Coach, Australia. Vol.20.
No 64, Summer, 1998. pp. 25 27.
  • "Most authors agree that the sensitive skill
    learning
  • period is between 9 and 12 years."

64
The Trainability of the Five SsSuppleness
  • Always trainable but significantly declines with
    age
  • Optimal trainability 6 10 (Dr. K. Russel)
  • Special attention during PHV

65
Program design for the developmental athlete
66
Factor 6Physical, mental/cognitive and
emotional development
  • Physical Development Characteristics and It's
    Implications
  • Basic Characteristics
  • General Consequences Performance Capabilities
    and Limitations
  • Implications to the Coach

67
Physical, Mental/Cognitive and Emotional Tables
FUNdamental Learning to Train Training to Train Training to Compete Training to Win
Late Childhood Late Childhood Late Puberty Late Puberty
Early Puberty Early Puberty Early Adulthood Early Adulthood
68
Children are not miniature adults!
  • Children need greater protein intake to support
    growth
  • They need high calcium intake to support bone
    accretion
  • Children have a higher metabolic cost of movement
    per body mass unit
  • During sub maximal exercise children utilize more
    fat and less carbohydrate
  • Electrolyte losses in sweat differ among
    children, adolescents and adults
  • Dehydration seems to be more detrimental to
    children than to adults (Bar-Or)

69
Factor 7. Periodisation Integration and
Sequencing of Sport Science, Sport Medicine and
Sport-Specific Technical-Tactical Activities
70
LTAD to your Next Training Session
Annual Plan Single Double Triple Multiple Periodiz
ation
Athlete Chronological Age Biological Age Training
Age
Periods Preparation Competition Transition
Meso Cycles Developmental Stabilizing Pre-competit
ion Competitive Restorative
Phases General Specific Pre-competitive Competitiv
e Transition
Micro Cycles Introductory Development Shock Mainte
nance Taper Peak Restoration Transition
New Plan
Sessions 61 4 / 6 / 9 / 12 / 15 52 31
21
Evaluation
71
GEARING UP FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE
hwenger04
72
Factor 8Competition calendar planning
  • Competition is a good servant but poor master !

73
  • The system of competition or the non-existence of
    the system of competition
  • Team sports
  • Individual sports
  • Dictated schedule
  • Selective schedule

74
  • Examples
  • British Swimming
  • The LTA

75
Factor 9. System building, alignment and
integration
76
Making or breaking a player / athlete
77
Athlete Development and Support Programmes
ATP Advanced Training Performance
78
FACTOR 10
  • KAIZEN
  • Continuous improvement
  • Modernization of the sport system
  • Education, health and sport / physical activity
    alignment
  • All aspects of LTAD need research
  • Implementation

79
Implementation - NSOs
  • New content curriculum
  • Technical Tactical, Physical and Mental
    progression
  • New system of competition
  • New coaching education curriculum
  • Budget

80
Final Words
  • Health and well-being
  • Windows of Trainability
  • Long-term athlete development
  • The system of competition
  • System alignment and integration
  • Win win situation

81
(No Transcript)
82
Questions ?
83
Definitions
  • Growth refers to observable step-by-step changes
    in quantity, measurable changes in body size,
    for example, height, weight, fatness. (Malina,
    1986)
  • Maturation refers to qualitative system changes,
    both structural and functional in nature, in the
    organisms progress toward maturity, for example,
    the change of cartilage to bone in the skeleton.
    (Tihanyi, 1990)

84
  • Development refers to the interrelationship
    between growth and maturation in relation to the
    passage of time.
  • The concept of development also includes the
    social, emotional, intellectual and motor realms
    of the child. (Tihanyi, 1990)

85
  • Chronological age refers to the number of years
    and days elapsed since birth (Haywood, 1993)
  • Skeletal age refers to the maturity of the
    skeleton determined by the degree of
    ossification of the bone structure. (Haywood,
    1993)

86
  • Critical periods of development A critical
    period refers to a point in the development of a
    specific behaviour when experience or training
    has an optimal effect on development. The same
    experience, introduced at an earlier or later
    time, has no effect on, or retards later skill
    acquisition. (Zaichkowsky, Zaichowsky and
    Martinek, 1980)

87
Trainability
  • Malina and Bouchard (1991) defined trainability
    as the responsiveness of developing individuals
    at different stages of growth and maturation to
    the training stimulus..

88
  • Malina and Bouchard (1991) also referred to
    readiness and critical periods of trainability
    during growth and development of young athletes,
    thus the stimulus have to be timedto achieve
    optimum adaptation with regard to motor skills,
    muscular and/or aerobic power .

89
  • Adaptation refers to a stimuli or a series of
    stimuli which induces functional and/or
    morphological changes in the organism. Naturally,
    the level or degree of adaptation is dependent on
    the genetical endowment of an individual.
    However, the general trends or patterns of
    adaptation are identified by physiological
    research and the facts and guidelines of the
    different adaptation processes, such as
    adaptation to muscular endurance or maximum
    strength, are clearly delineated.
  • Diagnostics before and after maturation
  • Moving scales during PHV
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com