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Oceanic Bubbles and climate

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Title: Oceanic Bubbles and climate


1
College of Marine Studies
Coast Day'2000
October 1
Oceanic Bubbles
Climate
Magdalena AnguelovaPh.D. Candidate
Advisor Prof. Ferris Webster
2
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3
Bubble Bath Glenn Miller
4
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5
Bubbles in my beer Willie Nelson
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7
Bubbles naturally formed in the ocean
  • Marine life
  • Breaking waves

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9
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10
Oceanic bubbles are associated with
  • Oxygenic atmosphere
  • Climate on the planet

11
  • Oxygenic atmosphere

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14
Archaean Earth
  • Ancient atmosphere of
  • methane
  • ammonia
  • other gases.
  • Bacterial life.

15
Earths biogeologic clock
16
Stromatolite fossils
  • 760 million years old, Arizona

17
Living stromatolites
18
Stromatolites
19
Cyanobacteria
  • 3 billion individuals per sq. meter
  • Use sediment and organic material
  • Build stromatolites up to 1.5 m high

20
The Miracle Planet PBS Series
21
  • This cycle continued for eons
  • Cyanobacteria photosynthesized
  • Releasing tiny bubbles of oxygen
  • The water gradually saturated with O2
  • Then O2 escaped into the air and
  • Transformed the atmosphere
  • To air we now breath
  • Then ozone layer formed against UV.

The Miracle Planet PBS Series
22
Life conquered the land
Life conquered the land
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Oceanic bubbles mediated oxygenic atmosphere
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Oceanic bubbles are associated with
  • Oxygenic atmosphere
  • Climate on the planet

25
  • Climate on the planet

26
Oceanic whitecaps
27
Wave Breaking
  • As waves break,
  • and forms clouds of bubbles.
  • air mixes into the water,

28
The fate of the bubbles
  • The small bubbles dissolve and disappear
  • Some bubbles join the ambient population of
    oceanic bubbles.
  • The large bubbles rise to the surface,

29
Bursting of bubbles
  • While floating on the surface, bubbles burst.

30
Film Drops
  • Upon bursting, bubble caps shatter into
    thousands of small droplets.

Film drops form.
31
Jet Drops
  • As the bubble cavity collapses...

Jet drops form.
32
Spume Drops
  • Under very high winds drops are torn from the
    wave crests and blown directly into the air.

Spume drops form.
33
Sea Spray
  • So, whitecaps fill the air with film, jet, and
    spume drops.
  • In the air, this sea spray
  • evaporates,
  • shrinks,
  • and forms

sea-salt aerosols.
34
What are Aerosols?
  • Aerosols are minute stable particles, solid or
    liquid, suspended in the atmosphere.

35
Tiny Particles
  • Cannot be seen with the naked eye.
  • Seen as...

36
A sunrise over the China Sea
37
Aerosol Types
  • The aerosols are
  • Natural

Soil dust Sea salt Volcanic dust Organic
particles.
  • Man-made

Industrial Burning biomass Soot
  • The most numerous are

38
Why are Aerosols so Important?
  • Aerosols can influence climate
  • Directly

- by reflecting incoming sunlight back to space.
  • Indirectly

- by modifying the properties and lifetime of the
clouds.
39
Cloud Properties
  • More aerosols more cloud droplets.
  • Reflect more sunlight.
  • Net result cooling.

40
Cloud Lifetime
  • Inhibit the growth of cloud droplets.
  • Rain delayed.
  • Net result longer cloud lifetime.

41
Sea-salt aerosols
  • Oceans produce enormous amount of sea-salt
    aerosols.
  • For one year 1.3?109 kg

683 000 cars.
42
Sea-Salt Aerosols and Climate
  • Sea-salt aerosols are the major contributor to
    sunlight reflection.
  • Sea-salt aerosols facilitate the formation of
    drops in marine clouds.

43
Oceanic bubbles link ocean and atmosphere
44
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