Aim: How have organisms benefited from reproductive technology?

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Aim How have organisms benefited from
reproductive technology?
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What is Reproductive Technology?

• 1) Methods that assist organisms to produce
  offspring.
• Methods that aid in the examination of developing
  offspring.

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Why might some people need reproductive
technologies?
Some people cannot become pregnant because of
problems with their hormones, ovaries, testes, or
other parts of their reproductive systems.
Infertility cannot produce offspring.
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Applications of Reproductive Technology

• Medical Applications
• In-Vitro Fertilization
• Artificial Insemination
• Amniocentesis Karyotyping

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In-Vitro Fertilization
Egg is fertilized in a petri dish

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The embryo is then.

• Implanted into a mothers uterus.

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Invitro fertilization often leads to multiple
births!

• Due to the extra hormones given to the mother to
  help her create an egg.
• More than one egg is implanted to help ensure at
  least one implants!
• Identical Twins
• one egg and one sperm
• Zygote splits to form two genetically identical
  offspring!
• Fraternal Twins two different eggs are
  fertilized by two different sperm.

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Artificial Insemination
Inserting sperm inside females uterus
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How do we store sperm, eggs embryos for
in-vitro fertilization?
Frozen in a bank
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Amniocentesis Karyotpying
Amniotic fluid is withdrawn from a woman's uterus
to test for certain problems in the fetus, such
as genetic defects.
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Sonograms - Ultrasound
Use of sound and echo to create an image of the
developing embryo
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What are some possible causes of Birth Defects?

• Smoking
• Drinking (fetal alcohol syndrome)
• Exposure to environmental toxins(x-rays)
• Bacteria or virus
• Age of the mother (downs syndrome)

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Thalidomide (1950)- used to treat morning sickness
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How Can We Prevent these birth defects?

• Proper diet and nutrition
• Dont Drink or smoke
• Dont take drugs
• Avoid X-rays
• Dont consume undercooked meat or cheese
• Take prenatal vitamins

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Applications of Reproductive Technology

• Agriculture
• Scientists have genetically modified plants using
  DNA
• Recombinant Technology to be resistant to
  disease. These
• modified plants can then be cloned to produce
  thousands
• of genetically identical offspring.
• Using artificial insemination, scientists can
  generate
• hundreds of offspring from one farm animal.
• 3) Selective Breeding

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Selective Breeding
To obtain organisms with desired traits
Milk producing cow
Meaty cow
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Applications of Reproductive Technology

• Ecology
• Embryos from endangered species have been
  transplanted
• into related species, who later give birth to
  offspring that
• are no different than they would be if they
  developed in
• the bodies of the endangered species themselves.