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African American Adolescents

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Title: Social Knowledge & Social Development: Cultural and Developmental Variations in Adolescent-Parent Relationships Author: Judi Smetana Last modified by – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: African American Adolescents


1
African American Adolescents And Parents
Changing Conceptions of Parental Authority
  • Judith Smetana
  • Hugh F. Crean
  • Nicole Campione-Barr
  • Presented at SRCD, 2003
  • University of Rochester

2
Domains of Parental Authority
  • Moral Acts that affect others rights or welfare
  • Social-Conventional Arbitrary, agreed-on,
    contextual norms (like etiquette manners) that
    structure social interactions
  • Prudential Acts pertaining to comfort, safety,
    harm to the self
  • Personal Preferences or choices that only affect
    the actor (e.g., privacy, control over ones
    body)
  • Multifaceted/ Friendship Acts that have
    overlapping conventional and personal components
    (e.g. the state of the teens room) or
    conventional, personal, psychological
    components

3
Parental Authority Stimulus Items
  • Moral - breaking promises, lying to parents,
    hitting siblings, stealing money
  • Conventional -cursing, using bad manners, talking
    back, not doing chores
  • Prudential - drinking alcohol, smoking
    cigarettes, doing drugs
  • Personal- sleeping late on weekends, how to spend
    allowance money, choosing own clothes or
    hairstyles
  • Multifaceted - not cleaning bedroom, wearing
    multiple earrings, watching cable TV, staying out
    late
  • Friendship - seeing friends that parents dont
    like, doing things with friends rather than
    parents, when to start dating

4
Growth Curve Modeling
  • Multilevel models of change run using SEM to
    compare mothers adolescents trajectories of
    change
  • Slope indicators constrained to 0, 2, 5
  • Models run first with intercepts ( slopes)
    unconstrained then again constraining the
    intercepts ( slopes) to be equal
  • If the fit does not change significantly between
    the 2 models, then such constraints do not
    significantly deteriorate the overall fit of the
    model (e.g. mothers and adolescents do not
    differ significantly)

5
Changes in Legitimate Parental Authority for
Moral Issues
6
Changes in Legitimate Parental Authority for
Conventional Issues
7
Changes in Legitimate Parental Authority for
Prudential Issues
8
Moral, Conventional, Prudential Models
  • ?2 df ?2 Diff df Diff p RMSEA    
  • Moral
  • Unconstrained Model 64.05 30
    lt.001 0.11
  • Intercepts Constrained 71.02 31 6.97 1
    lt.01  
  • Slopes Constrained 64.58 31 0.53 1 ns  
  • Conventional   
  • Unconstrained Model 61.62 23
    lt.001 0.13
  • Intercepts Constrained 70.94 24 9.32 1
    lt.01  
  • Slopes Constrained 62.33 31 0.71 1 ns  
  • Prudential
  • Unconstrained Model 60.36 31 lt.001 0.10
  • Intercepts Constrained 67.81 32 7.45 1 lt.01  

9
Significant Predictors of Intercepts
  • .

Adolescent Gender ?s Mothers Education ?s
Moral -.31 .30
Conventional -.29 .26
Personal -.25 .31
10
Changes in Legitimate Parental Authority for
Personal Issues
11
Model for Personal Issues
  •    
  • ?2 df ?2 Diff df Diff p RMSEA    
  • Unconstrained Model 49.20 26 lt.01 0.10
  • Intercepts Constrained 79.25 27 30.1 1 lt.001  
  • Slopes Constrained 50.98 27 1.78 1 ns  

12
Changes in Legitimate Parental Authority for
Multifaceted Issues
13
Changes in Legitimate Parental Authority for
Friendship Issues
14
Multifaceted and Friendship Models
  • ?2 df ?2 Diff df Diff p RMSEA
  • Multifaceted Issues
  •    
  • Unconstrained Model 55.56 23 lt.001
    0.12
  • Intercepts Constrained 91.77 24 36.21 1
    lt.001  
  • Slopes Constrained 55.60 24 0.04 1
    ns  
  •          
  • Friendship Issues
  •    
  • Unconstrained Model 29.16 23 ns 0.05
  • Intercepts Constrained 72.92 24 43.77 1
    lt.001  
  • Slopes Constrained 29.19 24 0.02 1 ns  

15
Summary
  • African American mothers teens affirmed
    parents legitimate authority to regulate moral,
    conventional, prudential issues
  • African American teens rejected parents
    legitimate authority to regulate personal issues,
    while mothers authority over personal issues
    declined (from strongly equivocally affirming
    their authority)
  • Changes (declines) in judgments of parental
    authority were primarily over multifaceted
    friendship issues

16
Measures of Adolescent Adjustment
  • Problem Behavior Survey (Mason et al., 1996)
  • 19 items assessed on 7-point Likert scales
  • including drug alcohol use, gang activity,
    vandalism, stealing, truancy, fighting
  • alpha .72
  • Depressed Mood (CES-D, Radloff, 1977)
  • 20 items assessed on 4-point Likert scales
  • alpha .89

17
Problem Behavior Depressed Mood Regressed on
Parental Authority Concepts
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