AMERICAN RED CROSS ADULT CPR

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AMERICAN RED CROSSADULT CPR
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RECOGNIZING AND RESPONDING TO AN EMERGENCY
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KEY POINTS

• By recognizing an emergency and taking immediate
  action to help, you give a suddenly ill or
  injured person the best chance for survival
• Emergencies can often be recognized because of
  unusual sights, appearances, behaviors, odors or
  noises

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OVERCOMING BARRIERSTO ACT
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KEY POINTS

• There are many reasons why bystanders do not get
  involved in an emergency situation
• It is normal to feel hesitant or unsure about
  what to do

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COMMON BARRIERS

• The presence of other people may lead one to
  assume that someone else will get involved
• Uncertainty about the persons condition.
• Type of injury or illness.
• Fear of catching a disease.
• Fear of doing something wrong
• Fear of being sued
• Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1

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Ways to overcomingbarriers to act

• Getting trained in first aid, CPR or AED
• Training to develop the confidence to act, which
  enables you to take charge until more advanced
  help arrives
• Avoiding contact with blood or body fluids by
  using protective barriers and following standard
  precautions.
• Being familiar with Good Samaritan laws and
  obtaining consent

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GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
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GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS

• All states have enacted Good Samaritan Laws to
  protect people who voluntarily give emergency
  care, without accepting anything in return.

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GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS

• These laws may protect you from legal liability
  as long as you
• Act in good faith
• Are not deliberately negligent or reckless
• Act within the scope of your training
• Not abandon the person after starting to give
  care

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OBTAINING CONSENT
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OBTAINING CONSENT

• You must obtain permission (consent) to help an
  ill or injured person.
• If a person refuses care, at least call 9-1-1 or
  the local emergency number.

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OBTAINING CONSENT

• A person who is unconscious, confused or
  seriously ill may not be able to grant consent.
  In such cases, consent is implied. Implied
  consent means that a person would agree to the
  care if he or she could.

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OBTAINING CONSENT

• If the person is a minor, get consent from a
  parent or guardian, if present otherwise,
  consent is implied. Be sure to notify a parent or
  guardian as soon as possible.
• Implied consent for a child in a life-threatening
  situation means that the parent or guardian would
  agree for care to be given.

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OBTAINING CONSENT

• To obtain consent
• State your name
• Tell the person you are trained in first aid.
• Ask the person if you can help.
• Explain what you think may be wrong.
• Explain what you plan to do.

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EMERGENCY ACTION STEPS
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KEY POINTS

• Always follow the emergency action steps CHECK
  CALL CARE in any emergency
• CHECK the scene for safety and then CHECK the
  person for life-threatening conditions.
• CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.
• CARE for the ill or injured person.

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KEY POINTS

• If you are alone, you must decide to
• Call First or
• Care First

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KEY POINTS

• Call first situations are likely to be cardiac
  emergencies.
• Call 9-1-1 or your local emergency number before
  giving care for-
• An unconscious adult or adolescent age 12 or
  older
• A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant.
• An unconscious infant or child known to be at
  high risk for heart problems

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KEY POINTS

• Care First situations are likely to be related to
  breathing emergencies.
• Care first (give 2 minutes of care, then call
  9-1-1 or your local emergency number) for
• An unwitnessed collapse of an unconscious person
  younger than age 12.
• Any victim of a drowning.

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MOVING AN ILLOR INJURED PERSON

• Usually, when you give first aid, you will not
  have to face hazards that require moving the
  person immediately.
• Moving a person can lead to further injury. You
  should move a person only when you can do so
  safely and when there is an immediate danger.

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CHECKING ACONSCIOUS ADULT
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KEY POINTS

• For purposes of first aid care, an adult is
  defined as someone who is about 12 years of age
  or older.
• After checking the scene, you should check first
  for life-threatening conditions.
• Some conditions may become life-threatening if
  not recognized and cared for early.

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KEY POINTS

• Obtain consent to give care
• A head-to-toe examination should be done to check
  the conscious adult.
• Care for the person based on the conditions
  found.
• Take steps to minimize shock

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RECOGNIZING AND CARING FOR SHOCK
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KEY POINTS

• Shock is a life-threatening condition in which
  not enough blood is being delivered to all parts
  of the body and can result from injury or illness
• Shock is likely to develop after any serious
  injury or illness including severe bleeding,
  serious internal injury, significant fluid loss
  or other conditions

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KEY POINTS

• A person showing signals of shock needs immediate
  medical attention
• Restlessness or irritability
• Altered level of consciousness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin
• Rapid breathing
• Excessive thirst

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KEY POINTS

• Caring for shock includes
• Call 9-1-1 or your local emergency number
  immediately.
• Have the person lie down
• Elevate the persons legs about 12 inches unless
  you suspect head, neck or back injuries or
  possible broken bones of the hips or legs.
• Control any bleeding
• Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated

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CHECKING AN UNCONSCIOUS ADULT
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KEY POINTS

• First, check to make sure the scene is safe
• Check the person for life-threatening conditions
  using the ABCs.
• A Airway
• B Breathing
• C - Circulation

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KEY POINTS

• Life-threatening Conditions
• Unconscious
• Not breathing or difficulty breathing
• Choking
• Persistent chest pain
• No signs of life
• Severe bleeding or burns
• Shock

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BREATHING EMERGENCIES
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BREATHING EMERGENCIES

• A breathing emergency occurs when a person is
  having trouble breathing (respiratory distress)
  or is not breathing at all (respiratory arrest).
• Breathing emergencies can be caused by injury,
  illness or disease

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KEY POINTS

• Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead to
  death
• A persons airway can be partially or completely
  obstructed.
• A person with a partial airway obstruction can
  still move air to and from the lungs, so he or
  she can cough in an attempt to dislodge the object

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KEY POINTS

• A person with a complete airway obstruction is
  unable to cough, speak or breath.
• A person who is choking will clutch his or her
  throat in a gesture known as the universal sign
  of choking

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Key Points

• New method is 5 back blows (to the middle of the
  shoulder blades) and 5 abdominal thrusts

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CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
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CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) alone is not
  enough to help someone survive a cardiac arrest.
  Advanced medical care is needed as soon as
  possible. This is why it is so important to call
  9-1-1 immediately

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CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

• The greatest chance of survival from cardiac
  arrest occurs when
• 1. Early recognition and early access. The sooner
  9-1-1 is called, the sooner early advanced
  medical care arrives.
• 2. Early CPR. CPR helps circulate blood
  containing oxygen to the vital organs until an
  AED is ready to use or advanced medical personnel
  arrive.

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CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

• 3. Early Defibrillation. Most victims of sudden
  cardiac arrest need an electrical shock
  (defibrillation). Each minute that defibrillation
  is delayed reduces the chance of survival by
  about 10 percent.

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CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

• 4. Early advanced medical care. This is given by
  trained medical personnel who give further
  medical care and transport the victim of cardiac
  arrest to a hospital.

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CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
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KEY POINTS

• If a person is in cardiac arrest, he or she is
  unconscious, not breathing and shows no other
  signs of life.
• CPR can help circulate blood that contains oxygen
  to vital organs by a combination of chest
  compressions and rescue breaths.

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KEY POINTS

• Place overlapping hands in center of chest on the
  lower half of the sternum.
• While keeping elbows straight, compress chest 1
  1/2 to 2 inches.
• Breathe until the chest rises (about 1 second per
  breath.
• Perform cycles of 30 compressions (18 seconds or
  100/minute) and 2 breaths.

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UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
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KEY POINTS

• If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to
  make the chest clearly rise, you must act quickly
  to get air into the person.
• Care for an unconscious choking adult is very
  similar to adult CPR with the exception that you
  look for a foreign object between compressions
  and breaths.
• Chest compressions are used to help force air
  from the persons lungs to dislodge the object.